Hydrothermal liquefaction of freshwater and marine algal biomass: A novel approach to produce distillate fuel fractions through blending and co-processing of biocrude with petrocrude

Lavanya, M.; Meenakshisundaram, A.; Renganathan, S.; Chinnasamy, Senthil; Lewis, David M.; Nallasivam, Jaganathan; Bhaskar, Sailendra

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.12.013

Cited by 62 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In order to avoid thermal degradation of the biocrude during distillation the vacuum was lowered stepwise to 100 (13332), 15 (2000), and 1 (133) torr (Pa). A similar procedure was used by Lavanya et al [21]. bar corresponding to 540 NL/L of biocrude.…”

Section: Fractional Distillationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full characterization of compounds obtained from fractional distillation and upgrading of a HTL biocrude

Pedersen

Jensen²,

Sandström³

et al. 2017

Applied Energy

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Biocrude from hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass provides a sustainable source from which to produce chemicals and fuels. However, just as for fossil crude, the chemical complexity of the biocrude impedes the characterization and hence identification of market potentials for both biocrude and individual fractions. Here, we reveal how fractional distillation of a biocrude can leverage biocrude characterization beyond state-of-the-art and uncover the full biocrude potential. By distillation combined with detailed individual analysis of the distillate fractions and distillation residue, more than 85 % of the total biocrude composition is determined. It is demonstrated that a total mass fraction of 48.2 % of the biocrude is volatile below 350 • C, comprising mainly value-added marketable ketones, oxygenated aromatics and prospective liquid fuel candidates, which are easily fractionated according to boiling points. Novel, high resolution pyr-GCxGC-MS analysis of the residue indicates a high molecular weight aromatic structure, valuable for bio-materials production or for further processing into fuels. The distillate fractions are mildly hydrotreated to show the fuel and chemical precursor potential of the volatile components. This results in the formation of mainly hydrocarbons and added-value phenolics. This work takes a significant step by going beyond the biocrude as an intermediate bulk energy product and addressing actual applications and pathways to these.

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Section: Fractional Distillationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full characterization of compounds obtained from fractional distillation and upgrading of a HTL biocrude

Pedersen

Jensen²,

Sandström³

et al. 2017

Applied Energy

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“…Because HTL requires a pumpable biomass slurry, HTL is especially advantageous (economically) for the conversion of wet biomass because there is limited need for water removal prior to biomass conversion. , In some cases, water recovery and/or recycle makes HTL of low moisture feeds (e.g., lignocellulose) feasible . Therefore, a range of biomass feedstocks (e.g., lignocellulose, algae, waste products) can be subjected to HTL processes to generate potential biofuels. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Hydrotreatment for Hydrothermal Liquefaction Biocrudes from Sewage Sludge, Microalgae, and Pine Feedstocks

et al. 2018

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Bulk property measurement, simulated distillation, gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and ultra-high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) are utilized for direct description and comparison of the chemical composition of raw and hydrotreated biocrude samples from pine, microalgae (Chlorella sp.), and sewage sludge. With hydrotreatment, the nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur content as well as viscosity, density, and moisture content of all biocrudes decreased to yield a more desirable product. For upgraded biocrudes, simulated distillation and GC-MS data reveal that the microalgae and sewage sludge products comprise a high proportion of n-alkanes, which distill between 260 and 350 °C, whereas the pine hydrotreated biocrude product has a lower concentration of n-alkanes and is more compositionally diverse with an abundance of saturated cyclic compounds. FT-ICR MS analysis of the raw biocrudes showed predominantly O x species, whereas raw microalgae and sewage sludge biocrudes comprise primarily N x O y species. After hydrotreatment, FT-ICR mass spectra of all three biocrudes revealed a significant reduction in mass spectral complexity (observed as the loss of O x , N x , and N x O y species) and the formation of hydrocarbon compounds, as expected. The hydrodeoxygenation and hydrodenitrogenation reactions of hydrotreatment convert higher (>2) heteroatom-containing species to a variety of hydrocarbon and lower heteroatom-containing species.

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“…These results are consistent with those reported by [151], who observed that algae with high carbohydrate content were efficiently liquefied. In other study, [163] found that Na 2 CO 3 increased the bio-oil yield up to 52% (29% higher than for the uncatalyzed process) on Spirulina platensis, and Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 and NiO produced a negative effect on bio-oil yield. On the other hand, [153] found that Na 2 CO 3 does not improved the formation of bio-oil on a strain of C. vulgaris.…”

Section: Homogeneous Catalysismentioning

confidence: 82%

The Application of Catalytic Processes on the Production of Algae-Based Biofuels: A Review

2020

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Over the last decades, microalgal biomass has gained a significant role in the development of different high-end (nutraceuticals, colorants, food supplements, and pharmaceuticals) and low-end products (biodiesel, bioethanol, and biogas) due to its rapid growth and high carbon-fixing efficiency. Therefore, microalgae are considered a useful and sustainable resource to attain energy security while reducing our current reliance on fossil fuels. From the technologies available for obtaining biofuels using microalgae biomass, thermochemical processes (pyrolysis, Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL), gasification) have proven to be processed with higher viability, because they use all biomass. However, due to the complex structure of the biomass (lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins), the obtained biofuels from direct thermochemical conversion have large amounts of heteroatoms (oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur). As a solution, catalyst-based processes have emerged as a sustainable solution for the increase in biocrude production. This paper’s objective is to present a comprehensive review of recent developments on the catalyst-mediated conversion of algal biomass. Special attention will be given to operating conditions, strains evaluated, and challenges for the optimal yield of algal-based biofuels through pyrolysis and HTL.

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Hydrothermal liquefaction of freshwater and marine algal biomass: A novel approach to produce distillate fuel fractions through blending and co-processing of biocrude with petrocrude

Cited by 62 publications

References 31 publications

Full characterization of compounds obtained from fractional distillation and upgrading of a HTL biocrude

Full characterization of compounds obtained from fractional distillation and upgrading of a HTL biocrude

Assessment of Hydrotreatment for Hydrothermal Liquefaction Biocrudes from Sewage Sludge, Microalgae, and Pine Feedstocks

The Application of Catalytic Processes on the Production of Algae-Based Biofuels: A Review

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