Hydrothermal liquefaction of Chlorella vulgaris: Effect of reaction temperature and time on energy recovery and nutrient recovery

Yang, Ji-Hyun; Shin, Hee‐Yong; Ryu, Young-Jin; Lee, Choul‐Gyun

doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2018.07.053

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The deceptive colour of aqueous phase varies depending on the solubility the water and organic phases at the given temperature [140]. Sometimes, when the reaction temperature is raised above the favoured liquefaction temperature i.e above 350℃, it favours the polymerization reaction thus decreasing the yield of biooil [141,142]. Along with the temperature, the heating rate is an important parameter, but it is not widely studied in many works of literature.…”

Section: Temperature and Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Lignocellulosic and algal biomass for bio-crude production using hydrothermal liquefaction: Conversion techniques, mechanism and process conditions: A review

Venkatachalam¹,

Ravichandran²,

Sengottian³

2021

Environmental Engineering Research

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Thermochemical conversion is an effective process in production of biocrude. It mainly includes techniques such as torrefaction, liquefaction, gasification and pyrolysis in which Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) has the potential to produce significant energy resource. Algae, one of the third-generation feedstocks is placed in the top order for production of bio-oil compared to the first and second-generation feedstock, as the algae can get multiplied in shorter time with the uptake of greenhouse gases. In HTL, the subcritical water helps the biomass to undergo thermal depolymerisation and produce various chemicals such as nitrogenates, alkanes, phenolics, esters, etc. The produced “biocrude” or “bio-oil” may be further upgraded into value-added chemicals and fuels. In addition, the bio-gas and bio-char are also synthesized as by-products. This review provides an overview of different routes available for thermochemical conversion of biomass. It also provides an insight on the operating parameters such as temperature, pressure, dosage of catalyst and solvent for lignocellulosic and algal biomass under HTL environment. In extent, the article covers the conversion mechanism for these two feedstocks and also the effects of the operating parameters on the yield of biocrude are studied in detail.

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Section: Temperature and Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Lignocellulosic and algal biomass for bio-crude production using hydrothermal liquefaction: Conversion techniques, mechanism and process conditions: A review

Venkatachalam¹,

Ravichandran²,

Sengottian³

2021

Environmental Engineering Research

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“…Organic compounds are dissolved in water in critical and subcritical conditions. Whereas the inorganic compounds which use solvent will decrease in critical conditions [59][60][61][62][63]. The bio-crude yield concerning various temperatures is given in Table 3.…”

Section: Non-catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on bio-crude production from algal biomass using catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction process

Venkatachalam¹,

Sekar²,

Ravichandran³

et al. 2022

Environmental Engineering Research

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The rising demand for cleaner energy among the nations has turned the focus from fossil fuel-based energy sources to renewables like biomass, solar, wind, etc. Biomass conversion to fuel has increased research in recent times due to its ease and availability throughout the year. Hydrothermal liquefaction is the process where biomass converts to a liquid product via complex reaction mechanisms. This review aims to summarize the hydrothermal liquefaction of algal biomass and the improvements in the bio-crude yield using heterogeneous and homogenous catalysts. Many references have been reviewed to provide the sources for the process and have been critically well structured. This review also provided information regarding the reaction pathway for algal biomass and the effects of process parameters like temperature, residence time, pH, etc. The focus of the review is on the effects of various catalysts based on their dosage whose results collected from various sources have been tabulated. The review briefly discusses the applications of products formed during hydrothermal liquefaction after post-processing.

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“…Temperature significantly influences the HTL fraction products and determines the reaction pressure, which is generally regarded as the most important factor for HTL of biomass [5]. Table 2 summarizes the properties of Chlorella and the corresponding experimental biocrude yields in literature [27][28][29][30][31]. Experimental biocrude yields ranged from 26 wt% to 63.4 wt% due to differences in the properties of Chlorella, especially the lipid contents.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Biocrude Production from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Chlorella: Thermodynamic Modelling and Reactor Design

Qian

et al. 2021

Energies

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Hydrothermal liquefaction can directly and efficiently convert wet biomass into biocrude with a high heating value. We developed a continuous hydrothermal liquefaction model via Aspen Plus to explore the effects of moisture content of Chlorella, reaction pressure and temperature on thermodynamic equilibrium yields, and energy recoveries of biocrude. We also compared the simulated biocrude yield and energy recoveries with experiment values in literature. Furthermore, vertical and horizontal transportation characteristics of insoluble solids in Chlorella were analyzed to determine the critical diameters that could avoid the plugging of the reactor at different flow rates. The results showed that the optimum moisture content, reaction pressure, and reaction temperature were 70–90 wt%, 20 MPa, and 250–350 °C, respectively. At a thermodynamic equilibrium state, the yield and the energy recovery of biocrude could be higher than 56 wt% and 96%, respectively. When the capacity of the hydrothermal liquefaction system changed from 100 to 1000 kg·h−1, the critical diameter of the reactor increased from 9 to 25 mm.

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Hydrothermal liquefaction of Chlorella vulgaris: Effect of reaction temperature and time on energy recovery and nutrient recovery

Cited by 26 publications

References 31 publications

Lignocellulosic and algal biomass for bio-crude production using hydrothermal liquefaction: Conversion techniques, mechanism and process conditions: A review

Lignocellulosic and algal biomass for bio-crude production using hydrothermal liquefaction: Conversion techniques, mechanism and process conditions: A review

A review on bio-crude production from algal biomass using catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction process

Biocrude Production from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Chlorella: Thermodynamic Modelling and Reactor Design

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