Hydrothermal gasification of soybean straw and flax straw for hydrogen-rich syngas production: Experimental and thermodynamic modeling

Torrefaction of biomass is a promising thermochemical pretreatment technique used to upgrade the properties of biomass to produce solid fuel with improved fuel properties. A comparative study of the effects of torrefaction temperatures (200, 250, and 300 °C) and residence times (0.5 and 1 h) on the quality of torrefied biomass samples derived from spent coffee grounds (SCG) and coffee husk (CH) were conducted. An increase in torrefaction temperature (200–300 °C) and residence time (0.5–1 h) for CH led to an improvement in the fixed carbon content (17.9–31.8 wt %), calorific value (18.3–25 MJ/kg), and carbon content (48.5–61.2 wt %). Similarly, the fixed carbon content, calorific value, and carbon content of SCG rose by 14.6–29 wt %, 22.3–30.3 MJ/kg, and 50–69.5 wt %, respectively, with increasing temperature and residence time. Moreover, torrefaction led to an improvement in the hydrophobicity and specific surface area of CH and SCG. The H/C and O/C atomic ratios for both CH- and SCG-derived torrefied biomass samples were in the range of 0.93–1.0 and 0.19–0.20, respectively. Moreover, a significant increase in volatile compound yield was observed at temperatures between 250 and 300 °C. Maximum volatile compound yields of 11.9 and 6.2 wt % were obtained for CH and SCG, respectively. A comprehensive torrefaction model for CH and SCG developed in Aspen Plus provided information on the mass and energy flows and the overall process energy efficiency. Based on the modeling results, it was observed that with increasing torrefaction temperature to 300 °C, the mass and energy yield values of the torrefied biomass samples declined remarkably (97.3% at 250 °C to 67.5% at 300 °C for CH and 96.7% at 250 °C to 75.1% at 300 °C for SCG). The SCG-derived torrefied biomass tested for CO 2 adsorption at 25 °C had a comparatively higher adsorption capacity of 0.38 mmol/g owing to its better textural characteristics. SCG would need further thermal treatment or functionalization to tailor the surface properties to attract more CO 2 molecules under a typical post-combustion scenario.

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“…A detailed description of the nonconventional stream modeling and the assumptions can be found in our previous report. 37 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Modeling Studies of Torrefaction of Spent Coffee Grounds and Coffee Husk: Effects on Surface Chemistry and Carbon Dioxide Capture Performance

et al. 2021

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“…According to their declared data, H‐beta enhanced deoxygenation due to its high acidity in comparison to H‐ZSM‐5 and H‐Y supports. γ‐Al 2 O 3 , as an acidic support, provides appropriate characteristics in HDO process due to the high crush strength, high surface area, Lewis acid site, and metastability in the presence of water 32 . Therefore, in order to specify the probability of products distribution, reaction network development, and detailed kinetic parameters, studies including reaction rate and activation energy are required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic hydrotreatment of lignin‐derived pyrolysis bio‐oils using Cu/γ‐Al ₂ O ₃ catalyst: Reaction network development and kinetic study of anisole upgrading

Saidi

Moradi

2021

Int J Energy Res

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Kinetic of anisole upgrading as a model compound of lignin-derived pyrolysis bio-oil to jet-grade fuels via catalytic hydrotreatment process has been investigated. Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process has been performed in a fixed-bed tubular reactor at operating temperature of 573 to 723 K, space velocity of 3 to 120 (anisole weight)/(catalyst weight × h), and hydrogen pressure of 8 bar.Benzene formation through demethoxylation reaction of anisole was identified to be the primary reaction route in contrast to demethylation, alkylation, and transalkylation reaction classes, which are more dominant for synthesized Cu/γ-Al 2 O 3 catalyst. Benzene is formed as the primary product through HDO of phenol assigning the lowest activation energy of 1.18 kJ/mol. Toluene and hexamethylbenzene are derived from alkylation reaction of benzene. Phenol is produced rapidly with highest selectivity among different products as the primary product via hydrogenolysis reaction. According to the kinetic data, phenol formation possesses the highest activation energy of about 59 kJ/mol. Moreover, 2-methylphenol and other phenol-derivatives are produced from alkylation and transalkylation reactions of phenol. The developed comprehensive quantitative reaction network for anisole catalytic hydrotreatment over Cu/γ-Al 2 O 3 is in appropriate agreement with previous studies.

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“…116 Such an alteration in the thermophysical properties of supercritical water causes enhanced solubility of biomass to produce permanent gases under high-temperature and high-pressure hydrothermal conditions. 124,125 Moreover, the addition of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts (including Lewis and Brønsted acids) have been reported to cleave the complex boding of recalcitrant hydrocarbons and biomass leading to their hydrothermal decomposition. 126 The high capital investment associated with the gasification process restricts its commercial application.…”

Section: Co + 3hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next‐generation biofuels and platform biochemicals from lignocellulosic biomass

Okolie

Mukherjee

Nanda

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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Rapid industrialization, increasing fuel prices, exhausting fossil fuel resources and greenhouse gas emissions are some of the factors instilling the search for alternative sources of energy and chemicals. Lignocellulose biomass-derived biofuels and biochemicals have emerged as clean products to complement fossil-based resources and reduce environmental impacts. Lignocellulosic biomasses are renewable, inexpensive and abundantly available resources to produce a wide variety of liquid, gaseous and solid biofuels and industrially relevant biochemicals. Different biological (e.g., fermentation and anaerobic digestion), thermochemical (e.g., liquefaction, gasification and pyrolysis) and catalytic (e.g., transesterification) conversion technologies can be used to produce fuel and chemical products from lignocellulosic biomass. This article makes a comprehensive review of different biofuels (e.g., biodiesel, bio-oil, bioethanol, biobutanol, biogas, hydrogen, syngas and jetfuel) and value-added biochemicals (e.g., propylene, ethylene, benzene, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, levulinic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, phenols and other aromatic compounds) from lignocellulosic biomass. Additionally, the current status, challenges and future perspectives for the production and utilization of biofuels and biochemicals are systematically discussed.

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Hydrothermal gasification of soybean straw and flax straw for hydrogen-rich syngas production: Experimental and thermodynamic modeling

Cited by 104 publications

References 84 publications

Experimental and Modeling Studies of Torrefaction of Spent Coffee Grounds and Coffee Husk: Effects on Surface Chemistry and Carbon Dioxide Capture Performance

Experimental and Modeling Studies of Torrefaction of Spent Coffee Grounds and Coffee Husk: Effects on Surface Chemistry and Carbon Dioxide Capture Performance

Catalytic hydrotreatment of lignin‐derived pyrolysis bio‐oils using Cu/γ‐Al ₂ O ₃ catalyst: Reaction network development and kinetic study of anisole upgrading

Next‐generation biofuels and platform biochemicals from lignocellulosic biomass

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Hydrothermal gasification of soybean straw and flax straw for hydrogen-rich syngas production: Experimental and thermodynamic modeling

Cited by 104 publications

References 84 publications

Experimental and Modeling Studies of Torrefaction of Spent Coffee Grounds and Coffee Husk: Effects on Surface Chemistry and Carbon Dioxide Capture Performance

Experimental and Modeling Studies of Torrefaction of Spent Coffee Grounds and Coffee Husk: Effects on Surface Chemistry and Carbon Dioxide Capture Performance

Catalytic hydrotreatment of lignin‐derived pyrolysis bio‐oils using Cu/γ‐Al 2 O 3 catalyst: Reaction network development and kinetic study of anisole upgrading

Next‐generation biofuels and platform biochemicals from lignocellulosic biomass

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Product

Resources

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Catalytic hydrotreatment of lignin‐derived pyrolysis bio‐oils using Cu/γ‐Al ₂ O ₃ catalyst: Reaction network development and kinetic study of anisole upgrading