Hydrothermal fluid flow and deformation in large calderas: Inferences from numerical simulations

Hurwitz, Shaul; Christiansen, L. B.; Hsieh, Paul A.

doi:10.1029/2006jb004689

Cited by 110 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…(5). This is known as one-way coupling between hydrological and mechanical models, as used previously by a number of studies (Hurwitz et al, 2007;Hutnak et al, 2009;Rinaldi et al, 2010;Todesco et al, 2010). It is a simplified approach compared with a fully coupled model that also takes into account the influence of stress and strain on permeability and porosity during the simulation (Neuzil, 2003;Rutqvist, 2011).…”

Section: Ground Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For caldera volcanoes in particular, earlier models focused on explaining ground deformation by magma emplacement (Anderson, 1937;Mogi, 1958;Bonafede et al, 1986;Bianchi et al, 1987;De Natale et al, 1991). Beside this interpretation, more recently models also consider the perturbation of hydrothermal systems (by pore pressure changes, variations in gas saturation and thermal expansions) as a possible (additional) source of spatio-temporal variations in deformation and gravity signals (Casertano, 1976;Gottsmann et al, 2003Gottsmann et al, , 2006aTodesco et al, 2003Todesco et al, , 2010Chiodini et al, 2007;Hurwitz et al, 2007;Hutnak et al, 2009;Ingebritsen et al, 2010;Rinaldi et al, 2010Rinaldi et al, , 2011Troiano et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Todesco and Berrino, 2005;Hurwitz et al, 2007;Hutnak et al, 2009;Todesco et al, 2010;Rouwet et al, 2014) from those related to magma movement towards the surface (e.g. Amoruso et al, 2008Amoruso et al, , 2014bWoo and Kilburn, 2010;Trasatti et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical models for ground deformation and gravity changes during volcanic unrest: simulating the hydrothermal system dynamics of a restless caldera

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Ground deformation and gravity changes in restless calderas during periods of unrest can signal an impending eruption and thus must be correctly interpreted for hazard evaluation. It is critical to differentiate variation of geophysical observables related to volume and pressure changes induced by magma migration from shallow hydrothermal activity associated with hot fluids of magmatic origin rising from depth. In this paper we present a numerical model to evaluate the thermo-poroelastic response of the hydrothermal system in a caldera setting by simulating pore pressure and thermal expansion associated with deep injection of hot fluids (water and carbon dioxide). Hydrothermal fluid circulation is simulated using TOUGH2, a multicomponent multiphase simulator of fluid flows in porous media. Changes in pore pressure and temperature are then evaluated and fed into a thermo-poroelastic model (one-way coupling), which is based on a finite-difference numerical method designed for axi-symmetric problems in unbounded domains.Informed by constraints available for the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy), a series of simulations assess the influence of fluid injection rates and mechanical properties on the hydrothermal system, uplift and gravity. Heterogeneities in hydrological and mechanical properties associated with the presence of ring faults are a key determinant of the fluid flow pattern and consequently the geophysical observables. Peaks (in absolute value) of uplift and gravity change profiles computed at the ground surface are located close to injection points (namely at the centre of the model and fault areas).Temporal evolution of the ground deformation indicates that the contribution of thermal effects to the total uplift is almost negligible with respect to the pore pressure contribution during the first years of the unrest, but increases in time and becomes dominant after a long period of the simulation. After a transient increase over the first years of unrest, gravity changes become negative and decrease monotonically towards a steady-state value.Since the physics of the investigated hydrothermal system is similar to any fluid-filled reservoir, such as oil fields or CO 2 reservoirs produced by sequestration, the generic formulation of the model will allow it to be employed in monitoring and interpretation of deformation and gravity data associated with other geophysical hazards that pose a risk to human activity.

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Section: Ground Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical models for ground deformation and gravity changes during volcanic unrest: simulating the hydrothermal system dynamics of a restless caldera

et al. 2016

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“…These findings provide new opportunities for the use of geodetic techniques to monitor sub-surface fluid flow and have important implications for the monitoring of volcanic calderas [e.g., Hurwitz et al, 2007]. Until now, evidence for hydrothermal flowinduced GSD has been restricted to subaerial volcanic systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Bottom pressure signals at the TAG deep‐sea hydrothermal field: Evidence for short‐period, flow‐induced ground deformation

Sohn¹,

Thomson²,

Rabinovich³

et al. 2009

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] Bottom pressure measurements acquired from the TAG hydrothermal field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (26°N) contain clusters of narrowband spectral peaks centered at periods from 22 to 53.2 minutes. The strongest signal at 53.2 min corresponds to 13 mm of water depth variation. Smaller, but statistically significant, signals were also observed at periods of 22, 26.5, 33.4, and 37.7 min (1 -4 mm amplitude). These kinds of signals have not previously been observed in the ocean, and they appear to represent vertical motion of the seafloor in response to hydrothermal flow -similar in many ways to periodic terrestrial geysers. We demonstrate that displacements of 13 mm can be produced by relatively small flow-induced pressures (several kPa) if the source region is less than $100 m below the seafloor. We suggest that the periodic nature of the signals results from a nonlinear relationship between fluid pore pressure and crustal permeability.

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“…Here the physical stresses producing faults associated with chamber inflation and evacuation are enhanced by magmatichydrothermal systems driven by cooling plutons (Hayba and Ingebritsen 1997). The latter result in high geothermal temperatures (Muffler 1979;Delaney 1982), chemical gradients and mineralization (Sibson 1987), and enhanced pore-fluid pressures (Reid 2004), as well as buoyancy and thermal expansion effects associated with hydrothermal vapour and/or water-dominated convection plumes within the adjacent groundwater flow field (Hurwitz et al 2007). Hurwitz et al (2003) noted that groundwater dynamics within a volcanic edifice play a dominant role in geothermal energy and epithermal mineralization.…”

Section: Structural Hydrostratigraphic Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geology and Hydrogeology of Faults on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada: an overview

Baechler¹

2015

atgeol

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Cape Breton Island provides a hydrogeological view into the roots of an ancient mountain range, now exhumed, glaciated, and tectonically inactive. It exhibits deep crustal faults and magma chambers associated with formation of the Appalachian mountain belt and the Maritimes Basin during the Paleozoic, as well as Mesozoic rifting relating to the opening of the Atlantic Ocean. Cenozoic exhumation brought these features near surface and into the active groundwater flow field where they were impacted by glaciation and fluctuating sea level. The faults have been important from a societal viewpoint in development of municipal groundwater supplies, controlling inflows to excavations, hydrocarbon exploration, quarry development, and geotechnical investigations. Conceptual models presented here outline fault control on groundwater flow based on seven case studies. Future research should focus on basin-bounding faults in support of managing their role in aquifer development and protection, mountain-front recharge, controlling large-magnitude springs, groundwater-stream interaction, and channel morphology. The hydrogeological importance of these faults has historically been underappreciated. rÉSUMÉ L'île du Cap Breton procure un aperçu hydrogéologique des racines d'une ancienne chaîne de montagnes, maintenant exhumée, érodée par la glaciation et tectoniquement inactive. Elle présente des chambres magmatiques et des failles crustales profondes associées à la formation de la ceinture montagneuse des Appalaches et du bassin des Maritimes au cours du Paléozoïque, ainsi qu'au rifting du Mésozoïque lié à l' ouverture de l' océan Atlantique. L' exhumation survenue durant le Cénozoïque a rapproché ces particularités de la surface à l'intérieur du champ d' écoulement des eaux souterraines actif, où elles ont été touchées par la glaciation et les fluctuations du niveau de la mer. Les failles se sont avérées importantes sur le plan sociétal pour l' établissement de réserves municipales d'approvisionnement en eau souterraine, le contrôle des infiltrations d' eau dans les excavations, la prospection des gisements d'hydrocarbures, l'aménagement des carrières et les études géotechniques. Les modèles conceptuels présentés illustrent le contrôle par les failles de l' écoulement des eaux souterraines d'après sept études de cas. Les recherches futures devraient porter sur les failles délimitant des bassins aux fins de la gestion de leur rôle dans le développement et la protection des aquifères, l'alimentation du front des secteurs montagneux, le contrôle des sources de forte magnitude, l'interaction entre les eaux souterraines et les cours d' eau et la morphologie des canaux. L'importance hydrogéologique de ces failles a été sousestimée par le passé. [Traduit par la redaction]

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Hydrothermal fluid flow and deformation in large calderas: Inferences from numerical simulations

Cited by 110 publications

References 68 publications

Numerical models for ground deformation and gravity changes during volcanic unrest: simulating the hydrothermal system dynamics of a restless caldera

Numerical models for ground deformation and gravity changes during volcanic unrest: simulating the hydrothermal system dynamics of a restless caldera

Bottom pressure signals at the TAG deep‐sea hydrothermal field: Evidence for short‐period, flow‐induced ground deformation

Geology and Hydrogeology of Faults on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada: an overview

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