Hydrothermal carbonization process: Fundamentals, main parameter characteristics and possible applications including an effective method of SARS-CoV-2 mitigation in sewage sludge. A review

Czerwińska, Klaudia; Śliz, Maciej; Wilk, Małgorzata

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111873

Cited by 87 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 171 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For the valorisation of lignocellulosic feedstocks, a variety of thermochemical methods are needed. Processes such as torrefaction [5], hydrothermal carbonisation [6], pyrolysis [7,8], and gasification are applied depending on the properties of the biomass and the application of the products obtained [9]. There are many studies concerning the thermal process mentioned with respect to different experimental conditions such as temperature, residence time, particle size of materials, type of reactor, presence of catalyst, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis of Biomass Wastes into Carbon Materials

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study presents the results of the biomass pyrolysis process focusing on biochar production and its potential energetic (as solid fuel) and material (as adsorbent) applications. Three kinds of biomass waste were investigated: wheat straw, spent coffee grounds, and brewery grains. The pyrolysis process was carried out under nitrogen atmosphere at 400 and 500 °C (residence time of 20 min). A significant increase in the carbon content was observed in the biochars, e.g., from 45% to 73% (at 400 °C) and 77% (at 500 °C) for spent coffee grounds. In addition, the structure and morphology were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Thermal properties were studied using a simultaneous thermal analysis under an oxidising atmosphere. The chemical activation was completed using KOH. The sorption properties of the obtained biochars were tested using chromium ion (Cr3+) adsorption from liquid solution. The specific surface area and average pore diameter of each sample were determined using the BET method. Finally, it was found that selected biochars can be applied as adsorbent or a fuel. In detail, brewery grains-activated carbon had the highest surface area, wheat straw-activated carbon adsorbed the highest amount of Cr3+, and wheat straw chars presented the best combustion properties.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis of Biomass Wastes into Carbon Materials

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Energies 2022, 15, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 14 (HTC) [10][11][12], HTC integrated with anaerobic digestion [13,14], torrefaction [15,16], pelletising [17], pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis [18,19], gasification [20][21][22][23], and combustion [24]. Sewage sludge is regulated at both the European Union (EU) and national levels due to a variety of environmental, health, and safety issues.…”

Section: Of 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The possibility of biological activity in sewage sludge must be considered when it is used. As a result, a great deal of study has been done on sewage sludge deactivation and stabilisation [3][4][5][6][7][8] through many different thermal utilisation routes: thermal hydrolysis [9], hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) [10][11][12], HTC integrated with anaerobic digestion [13,14], torrefaction [15,16], pelletising [17], pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis [18,19], gasification [20][21][22][23], and combustion [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrained Flow Plasma Gasification of Sewage Sludge–Proof-of-Concept and Fate of Inorganics

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sewage sludge is a residue of wastewater processing that is biologically active and consists of water, organic matter, including dead and living pathogens, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals, as well as organic and inorganic pollutants. Landfilling is on the decline, giving way to more environmentally friendly utilisation routes. This paper presents the results of a two-stage gasification–vitrification system, using a prototype-entrained flow plasma-assisted gasification reactor along with ex situ plasma vitrification. The results show that the use of plasma has a considerable influence on the quality of gas, with a higher heating value of dry gas exceeding 7.5 MJ/mN3, excluding nitrogen dilution. However, dilution from plasma gases becomes the main problem, giving a lower heating value of dry gas with the highest value being 5.36 MJ/mN3 when dilution by nitrogen from plasma torches is taken into account. An analysis of the residues showed a very low leaching inclination of ex-situ vitrified residues. This suggests that such a system could be used to avoid the problem of landfilling significant amounts of ash from sewage sludge incineration by turning inorganic residues into a by-product that has potential use as a construction aggregate.

show abstract

“…Biomass as a renewable energy source has enormous potential. It can be converted by thermochemical processes such as pyrolysis [3,4], hydrothermal carbonization [5,6] or gasification [7], which allows the production of clean energy resources. This study is focused on the gasification process, where the main product is the synthesis gas (syngas) [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Physical and Chemical Properties of Residue from Gasification of Biomass Wastes

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thermochemical conversion of biomass waste is a high potential option for increasing usage of renewable energy sources and transferring wastes into the circular economy. This work focuses on the evaluation of the energetic and adsorption properties of solid residue (char) of the gasification process. Gasification experiments of biomass wastes (wheat straw, hay and pine sawdust) were carried out in a vertical fixed bed reactor, under a CO2 atmosphere and at various temperatures (800, 900 and 1000 °C). The analysis of the energy properties of the obtained chars included elemental and thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis. TGA results indicated that the chars have properties similar to those of coal; subjected data were used to calculate key combustion parameters. As part of the analysis of adsorption properties, BET, SEM, FTIR and dynamic methanol vapor sorption tests were conducted. The specific surface area has risen from 0.42–1.91 m2/g (biomass) to 419–891 m2/g (char). FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the influence of gasification on the decomposition of characteristic chemical compounds for biomass. Methanol sorption has revealed for the 900 °C chars of pine sawdust the highest sorption capacity and its mass change was 24.15% at P/P0 = 90%. Selected chars might be an appropriate material for volatile organic compounds sorption.

show abstract

Hydrothermal carbonization process: Fundamentals, main parameter characteristics and possible applications including an effective method of SARS-CoV-2 mitigation in sewage sludge. A review

Cited by 87 publications

References 171 publications

Pyrolysis of Biomass Wastes into Carbon Materials

Pyrolysis of Biomass Wastes into Carbon Materials

Entrained Flow Plasma Gasification of Sewage Sludge–Proof-of-Concept and Fate of Inorganics

Evaluation of Physical and Chemical Properties of Residue from Gasification of Biomass Wastes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About