Hydrothermal carbonization of wheat straw—prediction of product mass yields and degree of carbonization by severity parameter

Suwelack, Kay; Wüst, Dominik; Zeller, Meret; Kruse, Andrea; Krümpel, Johannes

doi:10.1007/s13399-015-0192-4

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Additionally, we postulate a stoichiometric equation for the dehydration reactions that form hydrochar, which are in accordance with the measured carbon content. All together, this article aims to provide knowledge to improve current semiempirical − or kinetic models − in the field of hydrothermal carbonization.…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Fructose: Growth Mechanism and Kinetic Model

Jung

Zimmermann

Kruse

2018

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Hydrothermal carbonization experiments were performed with fructose solutions as feedstock. A kinetic model is proposed that models hydrochar formation based on molar concentrations. On the basis of SEM pictures, the mean particles size of the hydrochar was determined, and it could be demonstrated that the growth of the particles is not directly related to the formation rate of hydrochar or the decreasing rate of the intermediates concentration in the aqueous solution. Four additives (salts) have been tested, and the results point out that the ionic strength is an important factor to control the particle size. Together, these observations lead to the conclusion that coalescence is an important driver for the growth of the particles and that a LaMer-like nucleation followed by diffusion-controlled growth is unlikely to be the formation and growth mechanism of hydrochar.

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Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Fructose: Growth Mechanism and Kinetic Model

Jung

Zimmermann

Kruse

2018

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Based on this shape it is assumed that ion deposition on the electrode surface was hindered. Since sulphuric acid is a common electrolyte for CV analysis in literature [12,24], the poor performance is attributed to the properties of the tested samples. In the hypothesis by Sánchez-González et al [17] and Barroso-Bogeat et al [37], a good EC of a carbon powder together with good SSA values should favor the electron transfer processes resulting in a complete charging of the electrode and thus lead to a good performance in CV measurements.…”

Section: Capacitancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the pore size distribution and the specific surface area are decisive. According to Pandolfo et al, the following characteristic physical-chemical properties can thus be determined for an electrode material in a supercapacitor [4]: An extensive literature review showed that a lot of experiments have already been conducted regarding the production of carbon-rich materials from different biomasses by applying various combinations of hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis with varying residence times and reaction temperatures [9][10][11][12] with regards to their application in [13][14][15]. From these studies, different conclusions have already been drawn, regarding bio-based electrode materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Based Carbon Materials from Potato Waste as Electrode Materials in Supercapacitors

Hoffmann¹,

Jung²,

Alhnidi³

et al. 2020

Energies

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This study investigates the production of biobased carbon materials from potato waste and its application in energy storage systems such as supercapacitors. Three different categories of carbons were produced: hydrochar (HC) from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) at three different temperatures (200 °C, 220 °C, 240 °C) and two different duration times (two hours and five hours), pyrolyzed hydrochar (PHC) obtained via pyrolysis of the HTC chars at 600 °C and 900 °C for two hours and pyrochar from the pyrolysis of biomass at 600 °C and 900 °C for two hours. The carbon samples were analysed regarding their physico-chemical properties such as elemental composition, specific surface area, bulk density and surface functionalities as well as their electrochemical characteristics such as electric conductivity and specific capacity via cyclic voltammetry. N- and O-enriched carbon materials with promising specific surface areas of up to 330 m2 g−1 containing high shares of microporosity were produced. Electric conductivities of up to 203 S m−1 and specific capacities of up to 134 F g−1 were obtained. The presence of high contents of oxygen (4.9–13.5 wt.%) and nitrogen (3.4–4.0 wt.%) of PHCs is assumed to lead to considerable pseudocapacitive effects and favor the high specific capacities measured. These results lead to the conclusion that the potential of agricultural biomass can be exploited by using hydrothermal and thermochemical conversion technologies to create N- and O-rich carbon materials with tailored properties for the application in supercapacitors.

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“…The hydrothermal carbonization process takes place in water at high temperatures ranging between 180 and 280 °C and autogenous pressures ranging from 2 to 10 MPa, i.e., equivalent to the saturation vapor pressure of water (subcritical-water) at the given reaction temperature to keep the water in a liquid state. This thermochemical conversion of biomass may have energetic advantages, since heating water at high pressures avoids a phase change to steam, and the associated energy penalty from the latent heat [6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of solid hydrochar from waste seaweed by hydrothermal carbonization: effect of process variables

Soroush

Ronsse

Verberckmoes

et al. 2022

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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This study provides a comparison of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) char, starting from two different species of waste seaweed, namely the green algae Ulva pertusa and the brown algae Sargassum horneri. The effect of reaction temperature (180 ~ 250 ℃), biomass residence time (1 ~ 6 h), and water mass ratio (1 ~ 10) on HTC yield (38 ~ 57%) was investigated. Surface area (5 ~ 52 m 2 g −1 ), methylene blue removal efficiency (71 ~ 99%), methylene blue adsorption capacity (11 ~ 88%), and hydrochar composition have been assessed. An increasing residence time and HTC temperature led to an increase in surface area up to a maximum of 51 m 2 g −1 , while the yield in HTC hydrochar decreased around 35% for both HC. The van Krevelen diagram was extended to compare the variation in elemental composition of the waste seaweed derived hydrochars. Results of the methylene blue adsorption experiments are best described by a Langmuir model with maximal adsorption capacity values of 112 ± 7.63 mg g −1 for the Sargassum based char, produced at 180 ℃, with water/biomass ratio of 5 and 4 h residence time.

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Hydrothermal carbonization of wheat straw—prediction of product mass yields and degree of carbonization by severity parameter

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Fructose: Growth Mechanism and Kinetic Model

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Fructose: Growth Mechanism and Kinetic Model

Bio-Based Carbon Materials from Potato Waste as Electrode Materials in Supercapacitors

Production of solid hydrochar from waste seaweed by hydrothermal carbonization: effect of process variables

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