Hydrothermal carbonization of spent mushroom compost waste compared against torrefaction and pyrolysis

Atallah, Emile; Zeaiter, Joseph; Ahmad, Mohammad Norazmi; Leahy, James J.; Kwapiński, Witold

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2021.106795

Cited by 74 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…However, this influence can be both positive and negative, depending on the process conditions (e.g., Figure 2). These techniques are getting increased attention as they are especially suitable for types of biomass with high moisture content [44][45][46][47][48][49]. In some of the cases, mixing of different fuels can be utilized effectively, e.g., co-firing of problematic biomass with sewage sludge [50,51] and peat [52].…”

Section: The Problem Of the Fire-side Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Destructive Diagnostic Methods for Fire-Side Corrosion Risk Assessment of Industrial Scale Boilers, Burning Low Quality Solid Biofuels—A Mini Review

Hardy

Arora²,

Pawlak-Kruczek

et al. 2021

Energies

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The use of low-emission combustion technologies in power boilers has contributed to a significant increase in the rate of high-temperature corrosion in boilers and increased risk of failure. The use of low quality biomass and waste, caused by the current policies pressing on the decarbonization of the energy generation sector, might exacerbate this problem. Additionally, all of the effects of the valorization techniques on the inorganic fraction of the solid fuel have become an additional uncertainty. As a result, fast and reliable corrosion diagnostic techniques are slowly becoming a necessity to maintain the security of the energy supply for the power grid. Non-destructive testing methods (NDT) are helpful in detecting these threats. The most important NDT methods, which can be used to assess the degree of corrosion of boiler tubes, detection of the tubes’ surface roughness and the internal structural defects, have been presented in the paper. The idea of the use of optical techniques in the initial diagnosis of boiler evaporators’ surface conditions has also been presented.

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Section: The Problem Of the Fire-side Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Destructive Diagnostic Methods for Fire-Side Corrosion Risk Assessment of Industrial Scale Boilers, Burning Low Quality Solid Biofuels—A Mini Review

Hardy

Arora²,

Pawlak-Kruczek

et al. 2021

Energies

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“…The increase in phenolic compounds concentration is largely due to the degradation of lignin and hemicellulose that occurs to a greater extent at higher temperatures, such as 275 and 300 • C [60]. Moreover, at temperatures of 250 • C and higher, cellulose suffers decomposition reactions leading to the formation of acids and alcohols and aldehydes and ketones such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, acetone, acetaldehyde, and propanoic acid [38].…”

Section: Aqueous Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increase in moisture led to a significant decrease in the total phenolic content (from 40,547 to 22 mg L −1 ), COD (from 766 g L −1 to 0.8), and reducing sugars (from 54,000 mg L −1 to n.d.), potentially related to a dilution effect [38]. On the other hand, decreasing the incorporation of lignocellulosic material resulted in a reduction in total phenolics and reducing sugars, but a slight increase in COD, which may be related to the fact that microalgae may yield lower amounts of reducing sugars and phenolic compounds than lignocellulosic biomass, but their decomposition generates other organic analytes, such as simple sugars, organic acids, and amino acids, that contribute to the COD value [38].…”

Section: Aqueous Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Biochar Production by Co-Torrefaction of Microalgae and Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Response Surface Methodology

Viegas

Nobre²,

Correia

et al. 2021

Energies

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Co-torrefaction of microalgae and lignocellulosic biomass was evaluated as a method to process microalgae sludge produced from various effluents and to obtain biochars with suitable properties for energy or material valorization. The influence of four independent variables on biochar yield and properties was evaluated by a set of experiments defined by response surface methodology (RSM). The biochars were characterized for proximate and ultimate composition, HHV, and methylene blue adsorption capacity. HHV of the biochars was positively correlated with carbonization temperature, residence time, and lignocellulosic biomass content in the feed. Co-torrefaction conditions that led to a higher yield of biochar (76.5%) with good calorific value (17.4 MJ Kg−1) were 250 °C, 60 min of residence time, 5% feed moisture, and 50% lignocellulosic biomass. The energy efficiency of the process was higher for lower temperatures (92.6%) but decreased abruptly with the increase of the moisture content of the feed mixture (16.9 to 57.3% for 70% moisture). Biochars produced using algal biomass grown in contaminated effluents presented high ash content and low calorific value. Dye removal efficiency by the produced biochars was tested, reaching 95% methylene blue adsorption capacity for the biochars produced with the least severe torrefaction conditions.

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“…Overall, recirculation of the liquid by-products or its subsequent use for maximum energy recovery and increased systemic efficiency offers many opportunities [43]. Several studies report the composition of liquid HTC by-products [77][78][79], with many indicating potential synergies between HTC and anaerobic digestion (AD) [52,80,81] or application of the effluent in microbial fuel cells [82].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cascade Membrane System for Separation of Water and Organics from Liquid By-Products of HTC of the Agricultural Digestate—Evaluation of Performance

et al. 2021

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New regulations aimed at curbing the problem of eutrophication introduce limitations for traditional ways to use the by-product of anaerobic digestion—the digestate. Hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) can be a viable way to valorise the digestate in an energy-efficient manner and at the same time maximise the synergy in terms of recovery of water, nutrients, followed by more efficient use of the remaining carbon. Additionally, hydrothermal treatment is a feasible way to recirculate recalcitrant process residues. Recirculation to anaerobic digestion enables recovery of a significant part of chemical energy lost in HTC by organics dissolved in the liquid effluent. Recirculating back to the HTC process can enhance nutrient recovery by making process water more acidic. However, such an effect of synergy can be exploited to its full extent only when viable separation techniques are applied to separate organic by-products of HTC and water. The results presented in this study show that using cascade membrane systems (microfiltration (MF) → ultrafiltration (UF) → nanofiltration (NF)), using polymeric membranes, can facilitate such separation. The best results were obtained by conducting sequential treatment of the liquid by-product of HTC in the following membrane sequence: MF 0.2 µm → UF PES 10 → NF NPO30P, which allowed reaching COD removal efficiency of almost 60%.

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Hydrothermal carbonization of spent mushroom compost waste compared against torrefaction and pyrolysis

Cited by 74 publications

References 68 publications

Non-Destructive Diagnostic Methods for Fire-Side Corrosion Risk Assessment of Industrial Scale Boilers, Burning Low Quality Solid Biofuels—A Mini Review

Non-Destructive Diagnostic Methods for Fire-Side Corrosion Risk Assessment of Industrial Scale Boilers, Burning Low Quality Solid Biofuels—A Mini Review

Optimization of Biochar Production by Co-Torrefaction of Microalgae and Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Response Surface Methodology

Cascade Membrane System for Separation of Water and Organics from Liquid By-Products of HTC of the Agricultural Digestate—Evaluation of Performance

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