Hydrothermal Carbonization: Modeling, Final Properties Design and Applications: A Review

Román, S.; Libra, Judy A.; Berge, Nicole D.; Sabio, E.; Ro, Kyoung S.; Li, Liang; Ledesma, B.; Álvarez-Murillo, A.; Bae, Sunyoung

doi:10.3390/en11010216

Cited by 150 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 111 publications

(263 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a thermochemical process converting biomass into lignite‐like products (hydrochar), which takes place in water under subcritical conditions . The combination of temperatures between 180 °C and 250 °C and pressures between 20–80 bars forms a process that replicates the natural process of coal generation.…”

Section: Potential Developments In Closing Of Materials Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a thermochemical process converting biomass into lignite-like products (hydrochar), which takes place in water under subcritical conditions. 75,[167][168][169][170] The combination of temperatures between 180 °C and 250 °C 171 and pressures between 20-80 bars 161 forms a process that replicates the natural process of coal generation. During the process, both biomass and water are heated in a pressurized reactor for several hours, which reduces the hydrogen and oxygen contents of the feed and increases its carbon content and energy density.…”

Section: Process Description Of Hydrothermal Carbonization (First Step)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The replacement of maize (Zea mays L.) by cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) as biogas substrate and its implications for the energy and material flows of a large biogas plant

Cossel

Amarysti

Wilhelm

et al. 2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Excessive cultivation of maize (Zea mays L.) as a biogas substrate has fired debate about potential land‐use change effects of bioenergy cropping systems. Cup plant ( Silphium perfoliatum L.) is a perennial biogas crop that provides more environmental services than maize. This study investigated (i) how to replace maize with cup plant as a biogas substrate in a large‐scale biogas plant located in southwest Germany, and (ii) how to optimize the energy and material cycles of such a biogas plant given the new feedstock. The biogas plant produces 1000 m3 biogas per hour with plans for it to be combined with a large dairy farm (1000 dairy units). It was found that the substitution of maize with cup plant as a biogas substrate results in a methane yield reduction of 10% to 20% due to lower biomass yields. However, there exists a strong potential to increase both biomass yields and biogas substrate quality of cup plant by optimizing establishment procedures and better genotypes. Furthermore, cup plant provides food and shelter for open land animals, including birds and insects, and could hence be a suitable alternative to maize for large biogas plants, being more environmentally beneficial. Extracting proteins from cup‐plant biomass could also help replace soy with locally produced protein for feeding cattle. Hydrothermal carbonization is a promising tool for closing nutrient cycles and for extracting phosphate from digestate, but more research is needed before it can be put into practice. © 2020 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

show abstract

Section: Potential Developments In Closing Of Materials Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Process Description Of Hydrothermal Carbonization (First Step)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The replacement of maize (Zea mays L.) by cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) as biogas substrate and its implications for the energy and material flows of a large biogas plant

Cossel

Amarysti

Wilhelm

et al. 2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the literature, the definition of reaction time (or residence time) is not uniform. Often, HTC reaction time starts to be counted when the set HTC temperature is reached, while in some other cases [48,49] it includes the time for reactor heating. In this paper, we considered the HTC residence time as the time the reactor is maintained at the set-point constant temperature.…”

Section: Htc Reactor Heat-up Transient Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Carbonization Kinetics of Lignocellulosic Agro-Wastes: Experimental Data and Modeling

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Olive trimmings (OT) were used as feedstock for an in-depth experimental study on the reaction kinetics controlling hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). OT were hydrothermally carbonized for a residence time τ of up to 8 h at temperatures between 180 and 250 °C to systematically investigate the chemical and energy properties changes of hydrochars during HTC. Additional experiments at 120 and 150 °C at τ = 0 h were carried out to analyze the heat-up transient phase required to reach the HTC set-point temperature. Furthermore, an original HTC reaction kinetics model was developed. The HTC reaction pathway was described through a lumped model, in which biomass is converted into solid (distinguished between primary and secondary char), liquid, and gaseous products. The kinetics model, written in MATLABTM, was used in best fitting routines with HTC experimental data obtained using OT and two other agro-wastes previously tested: grape marc and Opuntia Ficus Indica. The HTC kinetics model effectively predicts carbon distribution among HTC products versus time with the thermal transient phase included; it represents an effective tool for R&D in the HTC field. Importantly, both modeling and experimental data suggest that already during the heat-up phase, biomass greatly carbonizes, in particular at the highest temperature tested of 250 °C.

show abstract

“…Still, charcoal, biochar and activated carbon contain particles (e.g., condensates) that can be classified as soot [1]. There is increasing research interest in hydrochar that is suggested as a biofuel, as an adsorbent in soil and water, as well as a catalyst or for energy storage [10]. Thus, there is a considerable overlap of potential applications of hydrochar with those of biochar, activated carbon and charcoal.…”

Section: Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Materials (Pcm): Brief History and Dementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, there is a considerable overlap of potential applications of hydrochar with those of biochar, activated carbon and charcoal. However, due to fundamental differences in history, production process and technology as well as both physical and chemical structure, hydrochar is not discussed in this review [10,11].…”

Section: Pyrogenic Carbonaceous Materials (Pcm): Brief History and Dementioning

confidence: 99%

Activated Carbon, Biochar and Charcoal: Linkages and Synergies across Pyrogenic Carbon’s ABCs

Hagemann

Spokas

Schmidt³

et al. 2018

Water

225

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biochar and activated carbon, both carbonaceous pyrogenic materials, are important products for environmental technology and intensively studied for a multitude of purposes. A strict distinction between these materials is not always possible, and also a generally accepted terminology is lacking. However, research on both materials is increasingly overlapping: sorption and remediation are the domain of activated carbon, which nowadays is also addressed by studies on biochar. Thus, awareness of both fields of research and knowledge about the distinction of biochar and activated carbon is necessary for designing novel research on pyrogenic carbonaceous materials. Here, we describe the dividing ranges and common grounds of biochar, activated carbon and other pyrogenic carbonaceous materials such as charcoal based on their history, definition and production technologies. This review also summarizes thermochemical conversions and non-thermal pre-and post-treatments that are used to produce biochar and activated carbon. Our overview shows that biochar research should take advantage of the numerous techniques of activation and modification to tailor biochars for their intended applications.

show abstract

Hydrothermal Carbonization: Modeling, Final Properties Design and Applications: A Review

Cited by 150 publications

References 111 publications

The replacement of maize (Zea mays L.) by cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) as biogas substrate and its implications for the energy and material flows of a large biogas plant

The replacement of maize (Zea mays L.) by cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) as biogas substrate and its implications for the energy and material flows of a large biogas plant

Hydrothermal Carbonization Kinetics of Lignocellulosic Agro-Wastes: Experimental Data and Modeling

Activated Carbon, Biochar and Charcoal: Linkages and Synergies across Pyrogenic Carbon’s ABCs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About