Hydrothermal alteration in Eshtehard volcanoes, Iran: Constraints from trace elements redistribution and stable isotope geochemistry

Babazadeh, Shahrouz; Ghalamghash, Jalil; D’Antonio, Massimo; Furman, Tanya

doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2020.106719

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…This refers to the progressive shift from the high-temperature, magma-influenced proximal zone to the cooler, more distant retrograde zone, including andradite, grossular, pyroxenes, and calcite with epidote, scapolite, and chlorite. The significant prevalence of epidote alteration is responsible for the Sr depletion in this intermediate zone [96]. The MC and VC values in this zone are 6.2% and 6.8%, respectively.…”

Section: • Cerussitementioning

confidence: 82%

Genesis and Evolution of the Yolindi Cu-Fe Skarn Deposit in the Biga Peninsula (NW Turkey): Insights from Genetic Relationships with Calc-Alkaline Magmatic Activity

Kaya,

Kumral,

Yalçın

et al. 2023

Minerals

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The current work investigates the impact of magmatic fluids and metasomatic processes on the Yolindi Cu-Fe skarn deposit in the Biga Peninsula, Turkey. It traces the stages of skarn evolution, from prograde to retrograde alterations, and investigates findings within a broader geological, mineralogical, and geochemical framework. Additionally, it assesses the evolutionary history of the Yolindi deposit in relation to calc-alkaline magmatic activity in an island-arc environment and compares its mineral compositions and genesis with other global and regional Cu-Fe skarn deposits. The Yolindi Cu-Fe skarn deposit in the Biga Peninsula was formed by the intrusion of Şaroluk quartz monzonite pluton into Upper Paleozoic Torasan Formation rocks such as phyllite, schists, hornfels, marble, and serpentinites. During skarnification, reactions between the magmatic fluids from the Şaroluk quartz monzonite pluton and the Torasan Formation produced skarn minerals associated with metals such as Fe and Cu. Initially, these reactions formed prograde skarn minerals such as augite-rich pyroxenes and andradite garnets with magnetite and pyrite. As the system cooled, these initial minerals underwent retrograde alteration, leading to the formation of minerals such as epidote, actinolite, and chlorite, as well as other copper and iron minerals including chalcopyrite, bornite, secondary magnetite, and specular hematite. Therefore, four main stages influenced the formation of the Yolindi Cu-Fe deposit: metamorphic bimetasomatic, prograde metasomatic, and retrograde metasomatic stages. Later, oxidation and weathering resulted in supergene minerals such as cerussite, malachite, and goethite, which serve as examples of the post-metamorphic stage. The mineralogical shifts, such as the andradite–grossular transition, reflect changing hydrothermal fluid compositions and characteristics due to the addition of meteoric fluids. Importantly, the formation of magnetite after garnet and clinopyroxene during the retrograde stage is evidenced by magnetite crystals within garnet. The mineral associations of the Yolindi Cu-Fe skarn deposit align with the global skarn deposits and specific Turkish skarns (e.g., Ayazmant Fe-Cu and Evciler Cu-Au skarn deposits). The Yolindi Cu-Fe skarn deposit, in association with ore-bearing solutions having magmatic origins, developed in an island-arc setting.

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Section: • Cerussitementioning

confidence: 82%

Genesis and Evolution of the Yolindi Cu-Fe Skarn Deposit in the Biga Peninsula (NW Turkey): Insights from Genetic Relationships with Calc-Alkaline Magmatic Activity

Kaya,

Kumral,

Yalçın

et al. 2023

Minerals

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“…REE patterns of the NPB rocks show narrow variations; they are characterized by enrichment in LREE with (La/Yb) N = 4.6–8.8 and (La/Sm) N = 1.5–3.1, and slight downward heavy REE (HREE) patterns with (Gd/Yb) N = 1–2.5, and distinct negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.4–0.7), typical for continental arc magmas. The lack of marked REE tetrad effect or kinked patterns from La to Lu argues against the interaction with hydrothermal fluids (e.g., F–and Cl–rich; Babazadeh et al, 2014; Babazadeh, Ghalamghash, D'Antonio, & Furman, 2021) (Figure 5b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zircon U–Pb–Hf and whole‐rock Sr–Nd isotopic insights on the Silurian syenite–monzonite shoshonitic magmatism of Central Iran

Nayebi,

Raeisi,

Babazadeh

et al. 2023

Geological Journal

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The Palaeozoic magmatic history of Central Iran is related to the subduction of the Proto‐Tethys Ocean and the amalgamation of Gondwana continental fragments. This study presents whole‐rock geochemistry, Sr–Nd isotope and zircon U–Pb–Hf ages of shoshonitic plutonic rocks (e.g., monzonite–syenite) from the north Posht‐e‐Badam (NPB) district with a view to constrain their petrogenetic and tectono‐magmatic evolution during the Palaeozoic. The geochemical data show moderate enrichment in large‐ion lithophile elements and Ti, large positive Pb anomalies, and depletion or moderate enrichment in high‐field‐strength elements (e.g., Nb and Ta), typical of continental arcs. Zircon LA–ICP–MS U–Pb ages are in the range of 444–428 Ma. The Sr–Nd–Hf isotope data, for example, (87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.7073 to 0.7089, εNd(t) = −1.4 to −0.2, and εHf(t) = −3.6 to +7.7, indicate derivation of the magma from a mantle source. The numerical modelling shows a contribution of less than 10% crustal assimilation and ~3% sediment into the melt‐derived mantle. We propose that metasomatic enrichment occurred during the subduction of Proto‐Tethyan Ocean between the Iranian microcontinents, leading to the formation of a shoshonitic melt. We infer that the recorded ages coincide with a continental rift episode followed by a rear arc tectonic region that spread along the northern active margin of Gondwana. Further, the change in magma affinity from calc‐alkaline (~474–512 Ma) to shoshonitic (444–428 Ma) in Central Iran is probably related to the gradual steepening of the slab dip angle and trench‐ward migration of the front arc into the region above metasomatically enriched rear arc mantle.

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“…Transition metals and HFSEs are relatively immobile under conditions of low‐temperature hydrothermal alteration. Plots of Nb, La, Rb, Ba, and Pb versus Zr indicate relative immobility of all these elements during alteration (Figure 6, Appendix Figure 1; Babazadeh, Ghalamghash, D'Antonio, & Furman, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrogenesis of Miocene igneous rocks in the Tafresh area (central Urumieh‐Dokhtar magmatic arc, Iran): Insights into mantle sources and geodynamic processes

Babazadeh

Raeisi

D’Antonio³

et al. 2022

Geological Journal

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Cenozoic tectono‐magmatism in Iran is widely considered to be related to subduction of the Neo‐Tethys Ocean. We employed whole‐rock and mineral geochemistry and isotopic data of intrusive rocks from Tafresh, central Urumieh‐Dokhtar magmatic arc, to evaluate the role of the mantle in magmatism, to assess the timing of emplacement, and to interpret the tectonic setting. Rock compositions range from gabbro or gabbro‐diorite (plagioclase + pyroxene ± olivine), to diorite (plagioclase + amphibole ± pyroxene), to granodiorite (quartz + plagioclase + K‐feldspar + amphibole + biotite), exhibiting high‐alumina calc‐alkaline affinity. Major oxide and trace element variations vary systematically from less to more evolved rocks suggesting a major role for fractional crystallization processes. Zircon LA‐ICP‐MS U–Pb ages of major rock types are in the range of 24–19 Ma, whereas those of gabbroic dikes are ~17.5 Ma. ԐNd values range between −1.8 and 3.7, and (87Sr/86Sr)i is narrowly restricted to 0.705–0.706, suggesting a common mantle source. The enrichment in light rare earth element (REE) enrichment and flat heavy REE patterns couple depletion of Nb–Ta–Ti indicate that subducting oceanic crust had interacted with the overlying mantle wedge. High‐alumina, mid‐Mg# Tafresh plutonic rocks formed from hydrous melts from which Ca‐pyroxene and magnetite crystallized earlier than plagioclase, whereas late‐crystallizing zircon nucleated while magma traversed through lithospheric mantle and Cadomian crust. Modelling of isotope and incompatible‐element patterns suggests the contribution of no more than ~5% molten sediment or other crustal components in Tafresh magma, at a developmental stage before most plagioclase and amphibole had crystallized. The Miocene Tafresh plutons originated during the final stages of subduction, before the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian plates.

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Hydrothermal alteration in Eshtehard volcanoes, Iran: Constraints from trace elements redistribution and stable isotope geochemistry

Cited by 11 publications

References 110 publications

Genesis and Evolution of the Yolindi Cu-Fe Skarn Deposit in the Biga Peninsula (NW Turkey): Insights from Genetic Relationships with Calc-Alkaline Magmatic Activity

Genesis and Evolution of the Yolindi Cu-Fe Skarn Deposit in the Biga Peninsula (NW Turkey): Insights from Genetic Relationships with Calc-Alkaline Magmatic Activity

Zircon U–Pb–Hf and whole‐rock Sr–Nd isotopic insights on the Silurian syenite–monzonite shoshonitic magmatism of Central Iran

Petrogenesis of Miocene igneous rocks in the Tafresh area (central Urumieh‐Dokhtar magmatic arc, Iran): Insights into mantle sources and geodynamic processes

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