Hydrothermal alteration, fluid inclusions and stable isotope characteristics of the Shaquanzi Fe–Cu deposit, Eastern Tianshan: Implications for deposit type and metallogenesis

Jiang, Hongjun; Han, Jinsheng; Chen, Huayong; Zheng, Yi; Zhang, Weifeng; Lu, Wanjian; Deng, Gang; Tan, Zhixiong

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.09.025

Cited by 31 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Previous studies suggested that the widely-exposed felsic rocks are I-type and arc-related (Luo et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2016;Zhao et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2020). The Aqishan-Yamansu island arc is well-known for hosting a series of Fe(-Cu) deposits, such as (from west to east) the Hongyuntan, Bailingshan, Yamansu, and Shaquanzi (Mao et al, 2005;Huang et al, 2013;Han et al, 2014;Hou et al, 2014;Jiang et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2018a,b;Shi et al, 2021). The Central Tianshan Block is mainly consisted of a Precambrian metamorphic basement and Paleozoic active-margin magmatic sequences (Shu et al, 2002).…”

Section: Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrogenesis of the Cretaceous Intraplate Mafic Intrusions in the Eastern Tianshan Orogen, NW China

Zhang

Deng

et al. 2021

Front. Earth Sci.

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In this study, we conducted zircon U-Pb dating, and whole-rock geochemical and Sr-Nd isotope analyses on the Late Mesozoic dolerite dykes in the Bailingshan Fe deposit (Eastern Tianshan Orogen, NW China) to unravel their petrogenesis and regional tectonic significance. Zircon U-Pb dating on the dolerite yielded an Early Cretaceous age of 129.7 ± 1.4 Ma. The dolerite is calc-alkaline sodic (Na2O/K2O = 4.71 to 6.80), and enriched in LILEs (Rb, K, Sr, and Pb) but depleted in HFSEs (Nb, Ta, and Ti). The intermediate Nb/U (16.7 to 18.5) and Ce/Pb (6.33 to 6.90) values, and the presence of xenocrystic zircons in these dolerite dykes suggest crustal assimilation during the magma evolution. Petrological modeling suggests fractionation of olivine, pyroxene, garnet, and spinel. All the dolerite samples have low initial 87Sr/86Sr (0.7041 to 0.7043) and positive εNd(t) (+ 4.6 to + 5.1) values, indicative of a depleted asthenospheric mantle source. Partial melting modeling suggests that the melting has occurred in the spinel-garnet stability field. Integrating the data from ore deposit geology, geochronology, geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotopes, we proposed that the Late Cretaceous Eastern Tianshan mafic magmatism was developed in an intraplate extension setting.

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Section: Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrogenesis of the Cretaceous Intraplate Mafic Intrusions in the Eastern Tianshan Orogen, NW China

Zhang

Deng

et al. 2021

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…The Kangguer ductile shear zone mainly contains volcaniclastic rocks and greenschist‐facies metamorphosed Carboniferous ophiolitic, with outcrop of numerous Permian mafic‐ultramafic intrusions and minor felsic intrusions (W. Q. Li, Dong, & Zhou, 2000; J. Mao et al, 2005; Qin et al, 2002; W. J. Xiao, Zhang, Qin, Sun, & Li, 2004). It also hosts some important gold (e.g., Shiyingtan and Kangguer; Jiang et al, 2018) and Cu–Ni (e.g., Xiangshan and Huangshna; Qin et al, 2002) deposits. The Aqishan–Yamansu Belt, restricted by the Yamansu and Aqikekuduke–Shaquanzi faults and located to the north of the Central Tianshan Massif, is mainly composed of Carboniferous volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks, together with many Carboniferous–Permian granitoids (Jiang et al, 2017; L. Zhao, Chen, Hollings, & Han, 2019a, 2019b; T. F. Zhou et al, 2010).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These Permian mafic‐ultramafic intrusions generally occur along sub‐parallel trans‐lithospheric faults, mainly in the Kangguer ductile sheer zone and minor in the Dananhu–Tousuquan island arc belt, and Central Tianshan Massif (Li, Wang, et al, 2019a; Shi et al, 2021). Nevertheless, no such intrusions had been found in the Aqishan–Yamansu Belt, which is also an important tectono‐metallogenic belt in the eastern Tianshan (e.g., J. S. Han et al, 2019), until hornblende gabbro was reported in the Shaquanzi Fe–Cu deposit in recent years (Jiang et al, 2018). However, the emplacement age and petrogenesis of the hornblende gabbro remain poorly understood, and thus little implications can be deduced on the regional tectonic evolution and ore‐forming potential of the Aqishan–Yamansu Belt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochronology and geochemistry of a newly identified Permian hornblende gabbro suite in Aqishan–Yamansu Belt, eastern Tianshan, NW China: Implications on petrogenesis and tectonic setting

et al. 2021

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Permian mafic‐ultramafic intrusions have great significance for understanding the geodynamic evolution of the Late Palaeozoic eastern Tianshan Orogen due to containing important information on the nature of mantle sources, crust–mantle interaction, and magmatic differentiation. Increasingly, more Permian mafic‐ultramafic intrusions are discovered in the Jueluotage belt, especially in the Kangguer ductile shear zone, whereas the mafic‐ultramafic intrusions in the Aqishan–Yamansu belt are ill‐informed. In this study, we provide zircon U–Pb geochronological, geochemical, and Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopic data of a newly identified hornblende gabbro suite at the Shaquanzi Fe–Cu deposit in the Aqishan–Yamansu Belt. Zircon U–Pb dating results indicate that the Shaquanzi hornblende gabbro was emplaced at Early Permian (ca. 274–265 Ma). The rocks are calc‐alkaline and have arc‐like geochemical features, including enrichments in large‐ion lithophile elements (LILEs: Rb, Ba, K, Pb and Sr) and light rare‐earth elements (LREEs: Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, and Ti), and depletions in high‐field‐strength elements (HFSEs) with markedly negative Nb and Ta anomalies. The rocks also exhibit depleted‐mantle isotopic signatures, with positive bulk‐rock εNd(t) values of +3.34 to +4.44 and positive zircon εHf(t) values of +2.8 − +8.7, which are relatively more enriched than those of coeval mafic‐ultramafic intrusions from the Kangguer ductile shear zone, but similar to those in the Central Tianshan Massif. We suggest that the Shaquanzi mafic intrusion suite was generated by 10–30% partial melting of a depleted‐mantle source at over 85 km depth, corresponding to the garnet to garnet‐spinel stability field. And the mantle source had likely been metasomatized by slab‐derived fluids of previous subduction. Integrating with geochemical data of the coeval mafic‐ultramafic and felsic intrusive rocks in the adjacent tectonic belts of eastern Tianshan Orogen, we speculate that the Shaquanzi mafic intrusion was formed in a post‐collision extensional setting, probably triggered by slab breakoff. Metasomatism of the depleted lithospheric mantle had likely occurred during the pre‐Permian subduction of the Kangguer oceanic slab.

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“…This indicates a close relationship between the volcanic and hydrothermal activities (Feng Jing et al, 2009;Yang Fuquan et al, 2011;Zhang Zuoheng et al, 2012;Hou et al, 2014;Li et al, 2015b;Zhang Zhaochong et al, 2016;Zhu Yongfeng et al, 2016). As a result of strong replacement of hydrothermal fluids, most iron deposits merely show hydrothermal features, and it is difficult to observe magmatic textures in orebodies and ores (Jiang et al, 2017;Ding Jianhua et al, 2017;Zhao Liandang et al, 2017;. However, Skarnization, silicification and epidotization are main types of wall-rock alteration in iron deposits of Eastern Tianshan.…”

Section: Implications For the Origin Of Volcanic Rock-hosted Iron Depmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of the Iron–rich Melt in the Heijianshan Iron Deposit, Eastern Tianshan, NW China: Insights into the Origin of Volcanic Rock–hosted Iron Deposits

Ding

et al. 2018

Acta Geologica Sinica (Eng)

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Long‐standing controversy persists over the presence and role of iron–rich melts in the formation of volcanic rock‐hosted iron deposits. Conjugate iron–rich and silica–rich melt inclusions observed in thin‐sections are considered as direct evidence for the presence of iron‐rich melt, yet unequivocal outcrop‐scale evidence of iron‐rich melts are still lacking in volcanic rock‐hosted iron deposits. Submarine volcanic rock‐hosted iron deposits, which are mainly distributed in the western and eastern Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, are important resources of iron ores in China, but it remains unclear whether iron‐rich melts have played a role in the mineralization of such iron ores. In this study, we observed abundant iron‐rich agglomerates in the brecciated andesite lava of the Heijianshan submarine volcanic rock–hosted iron deposit, Eastern Tianshan, China. The iron‐rich agglomerates occur as irregular and angular masses filling fractures of the host brecciated andesite lava. They show concentric potassic alteration with silicification or epidotization rims, indicative of their formation after the wall rocks. The iron‐rich agglomerates have porphyritic and hyalopilitic textures, and locally display chilled margins in the contact zone with the host rocks. These features cannot be explained by hydrothermal replacement of wall rocks (brecciated andesite lava) which is free of vesicle and amygdale, rather they indicate direct crystallization of the iron‐rich agglomerates from iron‐rich melts. We propose that the iron‐rich agglomerates were formed by open‐space filling of volatile‐rich iron‐rich melt in fractures of the brecciated andesite lava. The iron‐rich agglomerates are compositionally similar to the wall‐rock brecciated andesite lava, but have much larger variation. Based on mineral assemblages, the iron‐rich agglomerates are subdivided into five types, i.e., albite‐magnetite type, albite‐K‐feldspar‐magnetite type, K‐feldspar–magnetite type, epidote‐magnetite type and quartz‐magnetite type, representing that products formed at different stages during the evolution of a magmatic‐hydrothermal system. The albite‐magnetite type represents the earliest crystallization product from a residual iron‐rich melt; the albite‐K‐feldspar‐magnetite and K‐feldspar‐magnetite types show features of magmatic‐hydrothermal transition, whereas the epidote‐magnetite and quartz‐magnetite types represent products of hydrothermal alteration. The occurrence of iron‐rich agglomerates provides macroscopic evidence for the presence of iron‐rich melts in the mineralization of the Heijianshan iron deposit. It also indicates that iron mineralization of submarine volcanic rock‐hosted iron deposits is genetically related to hydrothermal fluids derived from iron‐rich melts.

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Hydrothermal alteration, fluid inclusions and stable isotope characteristics of the Shaquanzi Fe–Cu deposit, Eastern Tianshan: Implications for deposit type and metallogenesis

Cited by 31 publications

References 61 publications

Petrogenesis of the Cretaceous Intraplate Mafic Intrusions in the Eastern Tianshan Orogen, NW China

Petrogenesis of the Cretaceous Intraplate Mafic Intrusions in the Eastern Tianshan Orogen, NW China

Geochronology and geochemistry of a newly identified Permian hornblende gabbro suite in Aqishan–Yamansu Belt, eastern Tianshan, NW China: Implications on petrogenesis and tectonic setting

Occurrence of the Iron–rich Melt in the Heijianshan Iron Deposit, Eastern Tianshan, NW China: Insights into the Origin of Volcanic Rock–hosted Iron Deposits

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