Hydrothermal alteration and melting of the crust during the Columbia River Basalt–Snake River Plain transition and the origin of low-δ 18 O rhyolites of the central Snake River Plain

Colon, D.; Bindeman, Ilya N.; Ellis, Ben; Schmitt, Axel K.; Fisher, Colleen

doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2015.02.022

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Such a change towards relatively low δ 18 O values is also consistent with the concept of late-stage compositional diversification proposed previously for Toba123843, and similar high-silica systems, such as Yellowstone or the Snake River Plain79. It is important to note that such a decrease in δ 18 O values cannot result from normal closed-system crystal fractionation.…”

Section: Origin Of the Low δ18o Component At Tobasupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In addition, due to the preserved primary textures and intra-crystal compositional variations, we can exclude any post-crystallisation fluid overprint, which would result in irregular domains that reflect fluid fronts. Therefore, either basaltic replenishment with mantle-like δ 18 O values could have occurred12 or low-δ 18 O hydrothermally altered materials present in the shallow crust were added to the crystallising magma during the final stages of magmatic evolution, perhaps in a fashion similar to what was recently suggested for Yellowstone and for the Snake River Plain rhyolites7944. In order to quantify the addition of a low-δ 18 O component to the YTT system, we again employ the mass-balance mixing model given in equation 1 above.…”

Section: Origin Of the Low δ18o Component At Tobamentioning

confidence: 73%

“…As before, is the oxygen isotope ratio of the new component that enters the system, and x is the mass fraction of this component. To provide a first order assessment, we used a relatively normal mantle-type δ 18 O value of 5.5‰ for basalt replenishment35, and we consider hydrothermally-altered volcanic material from the caldera roof to have δ 18 O = 0‰, as has been suggested for comparable high silica systems elsewhere744.…”

Section: Origin Of the Low δ18o Component At Tobamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the oxygen isotopic composition of zircon is a robust source of information on the crystallisation environment346 and, as zircon also lends itself to U-Pb dating, it can help to identify and place constraints on the timing of geological events (e.g., refs 6 and 7). Quartz is a common mineral phase in high-silica metamorphic and magmatic rocks and, like zircon, is largely resistant to alteration and retains its magmatic δ 18 O values post-eruption8.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Magma reservoir dynamics at Toba caldera, Indonesia, recorded by oxygen isotope zoning in quartz

Budd

Troll

Deegan

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Quartz is a common phase in high-silica igneous rocks and is resistant to post-eruptive alteration, thus offering a reliable record of magmatic processes in silicic magma systems. Here we employ the 75 ka Toba super-eruption as a case study to show that quartz can resolve late-stage temporal changes in magmatic δ18O values. Overall, Toba quartz crystals exhibit comparatively high δ18O values, up to 10.2‰, due to magma residence within, and assimilation of, local granite basement. However, some 40% of the analysed quartz crystals display a decrease in δ18O values in outermost growth zones compared to their cores, with values as low as 6.7‰ (maximum ∆core−rim = 1.8‰). These lower values are consistent with the limited zircon record available for Toba, and the crystallisation history of Toba quartz traces an influx of a low-δ18O component into the magma reservoir just prior to eruption. Here we argue that this late-stage low-δ18O component is derived from hydrothermally-altered roof material. Our study demonstrates that quartz isotope stratigraphy can resolve magmatic events that may remain undetected by whole-rock or zircon isotope studies, and that assimilation of altered roof material may represent a viable eruption trigger in large Toba-style magmatic systems.

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Section: Origin Of the Low δ18o Component At Tobasupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Origin Of the Low δ18o Component At Tobamentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Origin Of the Low δ18o Component At Tobamentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Magma reservoir dynamics at Toba caldera, Indonesia, recorded by oxygen isotope zoning in quartz

Budd

Troll

Deegan

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…very high-temperature, pumice-poor rhyolitic eruptions of 'Snake River type'; Branney et al 2008) and chemically, constituting the largest volume of low-δ 18 O volcanic rocks known on Earth (e.g. Boroughs et al 2012;Colón et al 2015). Interest centres upon how the magmas formed in such volume Shervais et al 2013) and upon the unusual physical volcanology of the eruptions, their scale, frequency and environmental impact (Branney et al Editorial responsibility: R.J. Brown…”

Section: Introduction and Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheomorphic ignimbrites of the Rogerson Formation, central Snake River plain, USA: record of mid-Miocene rhyolitic explosive eruptions and associated crustal subsidence along the Yellowstone hotspot track

et al. 2016

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Rogerson Graben, USA, is critically placed at the intersection between the Yellowstone hotspot track and the southern projection of the west Snake River rift. Eleven rhyolitic members of the re-defined, ≥420-m-thick, Rogerson Formation record voluminous high-temperature explosive eruptions, emplacing extensive ashfall and rheomorphic ignimbrite sheets. Yet, each member has subtly distinct field, chemical and palaeomagnetic characteristics. New regional correlations reveal that the Brown's View ignimbrite covers ≥3300 km 2 , and the Wooden Shoe ignimbrite covers ≥4400 km 2 and extends into Nevada. Between 11.9 and ∼8 Ma, the average frequency of large explosive eruptions in this region was 1 per 354 ky, about twice that at Yellowstone. The chemistry and mineralogy of the early rhyolites show increasing maturity with time possibly by progressive fractional crystallisation. This was followed by a trend towards less-evolved rhyolites that may record melting and h y b r i d i s a t i o n o f a m i d -c r u s t a l s o u r c e r e g i o n . Contemporaneous magmatism-induced crustal subsidence of the central Snake River Basin is recorded by successive ignimbrites offlapping and thinning up the N-facing limb of a regional basin-margin monocline, which developed between 10.59 and 8 Ma. The syn-volcanic basin topography contrasted significantly with the present-day elevated Yellowstone hotspot plateau. Concurrent basin-and-range extension produced the N-trending Rogerson Graben: early uplift of the Shoshone Hills (≥10.34 Ma) was followed by initiation of the Shoshone Fault and an E-sloping half-graben (∼10.3-10.1 Ma). The graben asymmetry then reversed with initiation of the Brown's Bench Fault (≥8 Ma), which remained intermittently active until the Pliocene.

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The role of mantle‐derived magmas in the isotopic evolution of Yellowstone's magmatic system

Stelten

Cooper

Wimpenny

et al. 2017

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Injection of mantle‐derived magmas into the Earth's crust provides the heat necessary to develop and maintain large silicic magmatic systems. However, the role of mantle‐derived magmas in controlling the compositional evolution of large silicic systems remains poorly understood. Here we examine the role of mantle‐derived magmas in the postcaldera magmatic system at Yellowstone Plateau, the youngest magmatism associated with the Yellowstone hotspot. Using microbeam techniques, we characterize the age and Hf isotope composition of single zircon crystals hosted in rhyolites from the most recent eruptive episode at Yellowstone Plateau, which produced the Central Plateau Member rhyolites. We place these zircon data into context by comparing them to new solution Hf isotope data for the Central Plateau Member glasses, Yellowstone basalts, and potential local crustal sources. Zircons in the Central Plateau Member rhyolites record a wide range of Hf isotope compositions relative to their host melts and extend from values similar to previously erupted Yellowstone rhyolites to values similar to Yellowstone basalts. Most zircons (∼90%) are in isotopic equilibrium with their host melt, but a significant proportion show εHf values higher than their host melt, thus providing the direct evidence that silicic derivatives of mantle‐derived basalts have recharged Yellowstone's magmatic system. Mixing models confirm that the isotopic characteristics of the youngest Yellowstone rhyolites can be explained by recharge of Yellowstone's magma reservoir with silicic derivatives of underplating, mantle‐derived basalts (∼5–10% material added by mass). This process helps drive the long‐term isotopic evolution of Yellowstone's magmatic system.

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Hydrothermal alteration and melting of the crust during the Columbia River Basalt–Snake River Plain transition and the origin of low-δ 18 O rhyolites of the central Snake River Plain

Cited by 28 publications

References 71 publications

Magma reservoir dynamics at Toba caldera, Indonesia, recorded by oxygen isotope zoning in quartz

Magma reservoir dynamics at Toba caldera, Indonesia, recorded by oxygen isotope zoning in quartz

Rheomorphic ignimbrites of the Rogerson Formation, central Snake River plain, USA: record of mid-Miocene rhyolitic explosive eruptions and associated crustal subsidence along the Yellowstone hotspot track

The role of mantle‐derived magmas in the isotopic evolution of Yellowstone's magmatic system

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