Hydrothermal alkylation of phenols with alcohols in diluted acids

Hydrothermal Co-Liquefaction of Biomass and Plastic Wastes into Biofuel: Study on Catalyst Property, Product Distribution and Synergistic Effects

“…In contrast, catalytic HTL increased the selectivity to alkyl phenolics when compared to non-catalytic HTL (from 6%-non catalytic to 9%, 11%, 12%, and 12% with Mo, Ni, W and Nb, respectively). Alkylation of guaiacol aromatic ring is a common reaction that occurs in the presence of an acidic catalyst and an alkyl source under hydrothermal conditions [49]. Demethylation and demethoxylation of guaiacol produces CH 4 and CH 3 OH, where this methyl group could alkylate the aromatic ring producing alkylated products as a result of the catalyst acidity (Table 1) [5].…”

Some aspects of green solvents

“…Subcritical water can be considered as a promising solvent for biomass processing, for example, the conversion of lignin-derived compounds into value-added fuel products with and without addition of industrial gases [13e15]. In addition, various organic reactions could be successfully performed under "hydrothermal" conditions, that is, in water at temperatures between 150 and 250 C [16,17].…”

Organic reactivity of alcohols in superheated aqueous salt solutions: an overview

“…10 Despite these achievements and the above-mentioned advantages, super-heated water still is unfamiliar to organic chemists (except some pioneering works by Kopetzki et al 11 and contributions from the own group). 12 The aim of the present work was to start paving the way to a real use of hydrothermal conditions in organic synthesis.…”