Hydrothermal activity and associated subsurface processes at Niuatahi rear-arc volcano, North East Lau Basin, SW Pacific: Implications from trace elements and stable isotope systematics in vent fluids

Klose, Lukas; Kleint, Charlotte; Bach, Wolfgang; Diehl, Alexander; Wilckens, Frederike K.; Petèrs, C. H. F.; Strauß, Harald; Haase, Karsten M.; Koschinsky, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2022.06.023

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…In most cases, these ring faults and fractures occur close to the caldera margin as this is the area of main faulting and intense deformation (Branney & Acocella, 2015). These faults connect the subvolcanic magma reservoir with the seafloor and can act as pathways for infiltrating seawater and related hydrothermal fluids (e.g., Acocella, 2021; Berkenbosch et al., 2015; de Ronde et al., 2011; Klose et al., 2022). Consequently, hydrothermal activity and intense hydrothermal alteration in (submarine) calderas predominantly occur at the caldera rims (Berkenbosch et al., 2015; Branney & Acocella, 2015; Eddy et al., 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seafloor Investigations of the Kemp Caldera, the Southernmost Arc Caldera Volcano From the South Sandwich Island Arc

Kürzinger,

Römer,

Lichtschlag

et al. 2023

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Kemp Caldera, situated in the south of the intra‐oceanic South Sandwich arc, is one of the least explored submarine calderas that hosts hydrothermally active vent sites. The caldera was discovered in 2009. Since then, the focus has been primarily on biological studies. During the R/V Polarstern cruise PS119 in 2019, we gained new insights into the morphology, petrology and the formation of the Kemp Caldera. The ship's multibeam data provide an overview of the caldera bathymetry and backscatter characteristics. The new data revealed that the caldera is nested with two or possibly three concentric calderas. TV‐sled and remotely operated vehicle (ROV) observations provide detailed visual data for the hydrothermally active sites of the vent field at the central resurgent cone and flare site at the NNW caldera rim. The central vent field is dominated by white smokers, where clams, sponges and other fauna thrive, while at the flare site inactive as well as actively venting chimneys have been found. The latter are characterized by metal‐enriched fluids of temperatures ≥200°C. During ROV dives, rock samples were collected from the cone, providing the first information about the Kemp Caldera rock composition. The caldera rocks are dacitic, in contrast to the basalts and andesites of the neighboring Kemp Seamount. This suggests that the dacitic cone was formed by one or more later eruptions of differentiated magma, probably stored in shallow intrusions which are driving hydrothermal activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seafloor Investigations of the Kemp Caldera, the Southernmost Arc Caldera Volcano From the South Sandwich Island Arc

Kürzinger,

Römer,

Lichtschlag

et al. 2023

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…However, as neither Te nor As or Sb occur dominantly as Cl-complexes in aqueous solutions, and instead mostly form oxy or hydroxide complexed species, such as H 2 TeO 3 , As(OH) 3, and Sb(OH) 3 (Brugger et al, 2016;Grundler et al, 2013;Pokrovski et al, 2013), salinity variations induced by fluid boiling likely do not significantly influence the solubility of Te, As and Sb. However, if the Te/As and Te/ Sb ratios in pyrite were influenced by fluid boiling and vapor-liquid fractionation, then low salinity vapor-rich fluids, such as those from Niuatahi Southcentral (288 -319 mmol Cl), should precipitate pyrite with higher Te/As and Te/Sb values than those of near seawater salinity (545 mM Cl; Schmidt et al, 2017) like at Niuatahi Southwest (~506 mmol Cl; Klose et al, 2022). Previous results on the trace element composition of pyrite from sulfide chimneys from the different vent sites at Niuatahi volcano suggest that the Te/As and Te/Sb variations are the result of both, a MVP influx and boiling-induced element fractionation (Falkenberg et al, 2022).…”

Section: Paragenetic and Fluid Effects On Te/as And Te/sb In Pyritementioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrite trace element proxies for magmatic volatile influx in submarine subduction-related hydrothermal systems

Falkenberg,

Keith,

Haase

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Seafloor massive sulfides represent modern analogues to ancient volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits, which can be particularly enriched in volatile and precious metals (e.g., Te, Au, Ag, Cu, Bi, Se) in subduction-related systems. However, it remains unclear whether the influx of magmatic volatiles has a systematic control on the metal endowment of submarine hydrothermal mineralization on the plate-tectonic scale. Using a novel microanalytical approach based on the coupling of SIMS δ34S with trace element LA-ICP-MS on a scale of ~25 µm in pyrite from 11 submarine hydrothermal systems, we could demonstrate for the first time that the Te, As, and Sb contents and the ratios of these elements vary systematically with the δ34S composition of hydrothermal pyrite and native S. In contrast to trace element concentrations, Te/As and Te/Sb show a more significant correlation with δ34S in pyrite, indicating that element ratios provide a more robust record of metal sourcing. On this basis, we define a quantitative trace element threshold of high Te/As (>0.004) and Te/Sb (>0.6) ratios in pyrite that can be used to identify the influx of magmatic volatiles to submarine subduction-related hydrothermal systems independent of δ34S isotope measurements. Two-component fluid mixing simulations further suggest that even small amounts (<0.5 to ~5%) of magmatic volatile influx drastically change the Te/As (and Te/Sb) ratio of the modelled fluid, but only slightly modify its δ34S composition. Hence, Te/As and Te/Sb ratios are more sensitive in recording the influx of magmatic volatiles into submarine hydrothermal systems than S isotope systematics, which are typically influenced by seawater-derived S leading to ambiguous δ34S signatures. We conclude that Te/As and Te/Sb systematics in pyrite provide a robust proxy to evaluate the metal sources in submarine hydrothermal systems from the grain to plate-tectonic scale.

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Molybdenum in basalt-hosted seafloor hydrothermal systems: Experimental, theoretical, and field sampling approaches

Evans

Coogan

Kaçar

et al. 2023

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Hydrothermal activity and associated subsurface processes at Niuatahi rear-arc volcano, North East Lau Basin, SW Pacific: Implications from trace elements and stable isotope systematics in vent fluids

Cited by 8 publications

References 88 publications

Seafloor Investigations of the Kemp Caldera, the Southernmost Arc Caldera Volcano From the South Sandwich Island Arc

Seafloor Investigations of the Kemp Caldera, the Southernmost Arc Caldera Volcano From the South Sandwich Island Arc

Pyrite trace element proxies for magmatic volatile influx in submarine subduction-related hydrothermal systems

Molybdenum in basalt-hosted seafloor hydrothermal systems: Experimental, theoretical, and field sampling approaches

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