Hydrostatic pressure in combination with topographical cues affects the fate of bone marrow‐derived human mesenchymal stem cells for bone tissue regeneration

Abstract

Topographical and mechanical cues are vital for cell fate, tissue development in vivo, and to mimic the native cell growth environment in vitro. To date, the combinatory effect of mechanical and topographical cues as not been thoroughly investigated. This study investigates the effect of PCL nanofiber alignment and hydrostatic pressure on stem cell differentiation for bone tissue regeneration. Bone marrow‐derived human mesenchymal stem cells were seeded onto standard tissue culture plastic and electrospun random and aligned nanofibers. These substrates were either cultured statically or subjected to intermittent hydrostatic pressure at 270 kPa, 1 Hz for 60 min daily over 21 days in osteogenic medium. Data revealed higher cell metabolic activities for all mechanically stimulated cell culture formats compared with non‐stimulated controls; and random fibers compared with aligned fibers. Fiber orientation influenced cell morphology and patterns of calcium deposition. Significant up‐regulation of Collagen‐I, ALP, and Runx‐2 were observed for random and aligned fibers following mechanical stimulation; highest levels of osteogenic markers were expressed when hydrostatic pressure was applied to random fibers. These results indicate that fiber alignment and hydrostatic pressure direct stem cell fate and are important stimulus for tissue regeneration. © 2017 The Authors Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: A: 629–640, 2018.

Mechanosensitive Osteogenesis on Native Cellulose Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…This result is corroborated by other studies (Reinwald and El Haj, 2018;Zhao et al, 2015). Human BMSCs metabolic activity was upregulates by mechanical stimulation (270 kPa; 1 Hz stimulation for 1h per day, for 5 days out of 2 weeks) in comparison to the non-stimulated samples (Reinwald and El Haj, 2018). Moreover, it was shown that the application of hydrostatic pressure on rat BMSCs accelerates cell proliferation through upregulated cell cycle initiation (Zhao et al, 2015).…”

“…Osteoblasts responds to mechanical stimuli and remodel the bone architecture as a response (Lee and Volpicelli, 2017). In vivo, hydrostatic pressure is repeatedly stimulating bone cells and has shown to impact cell differentiation, makers expression and mineralisation of the bone tissue (Henstock et al, 2013;Huang and Ogawa, 2012;Reinwald and El Haj, 2018). As an emerging biomaterial in BTE (Lee et al, 2019), it is of importance to apply in vivo mechanical conditions to native cellulose scaffolds, as close matching of surrounding bone tissue as been shown to be the key factor in the success of alloplastic grafts (Gao et al, 2019;Nukavarapu et al, 2015).…”

“…Such bioreactors can apply contact uniaxial compression/tension , contact biaxial compression/tension , flow inducing shear-stress , mechanical shear stress electrical or a combination of these stimuli (Brunelli et al, 2019;Pörtner et al, 2005). Also, bioreactors applying static or cyclic hydrostatic pressure by compressing the gas phase above incompressible media, or by direct compression of the medium were used on seeded cells (Gardinier et al, 2009;Henstock et al, 2013;Liu et al, 2010;Reinwald et al, 2015;Reinwald and El Haj, 2018;Stavenschi et al, 2018;Zhao et al, 2015). In addition to mechanical stimulus, three-dimensional culturing of the cells is critical for better representing the in vivo conditions.…”

A Novel 3D Osteoblast and Osteocyte Model Revealing Changes in Mineralization and Pro-osteoclastogenic Paracrine Signaling During Estrogen Deficiency

“…For mechanical stimulation, the bags were placed in a custom developed HP bioreactor and were subjected to an intermittent HP regime of 270 kPa and a frequency of 1 Hz for 1 h per day, 5 days per week for the duration of the study (21 days). A pressure of 270 kPa replicates the physiological pressures experienced by osteocytes in the lacunar-canalicular network of load-bearing bones (Zhang et al, 1998;Reinwald et al, 2015;Reinwald and El Haj, 2018). This pressure was found to promote bone growth and mineralization in a developmental model of organotypically cultured ex vivo chick fetal femurs (Henstock et al, 2013).…”

Bioengineered tooth emulation systems for regenerative and pharmacological purposes

“…Hydrostatic pressure is crucial for all tissues that transduce forces, such as those filled with fluids or highly hydrated, as their loading results in interstitial pressure modification (Reinwald and El Haj, 2018). A typical hydrostatic pressure bioreactor includes a chamber and a piston, which regulates its pressure.…”