Hydrostatic pressure as the controlling factor in the depth distribution of Eurasian watermilfoil, Myriophyllum spicatum L.

Dale, H. M.

doi:10.1007/bf00006319

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…With raw soil which includes some organic matter, even at the highest hydrostatic pressure an elaborate system of air spaces will develop with time. The very active bubbling which occurred when the pressure was reduced at the conclusion of each test confirmed the previous observation (Dale, 1981). The sources of this gas are firstly from soil microorganisms and, secondly, are a product of active photosynthesis by the plant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Some problems associated with earlier tests are discussed elsewhere (Dale, 1981). This study has shown that careful planning is necessary to insure that differences in growth are due to hydrostatic pressure per se and not one of several extraneous factors such as light, gaseous exchange, soil compaction, algal competition, etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Small leafy shoots (30 mm) of Eurasian Watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) were grown at a series of pressures up to those equivalent to those at 17 m, for 21 days in nutrient solution or untreated soil. No measure of new growth was associated with constantly applied elevated hydrostatic pressures (Dale, 1981). The conflicting evidence available on the role of pressure has been produced as a result of the method of investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrostatic pressure and aquatic plant growth: a laboratory study

Dale

1984

Hydrobiologia

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A method was tested for growing aquatic vascular plants at elevated hydrostatic pressure so that the influence of other factors will not mask the specific plant-pressure interaction.Eighteen species of submersed vascular plants, belonging to twelve families and several distinct growth forms, were subjected to series of hydrostatic pressures including those well in excess of those encountered by the species when growing at its normal depths in lakes. Under no circumstances was the form of the plant altered even at the highest pressures, equivalent to that at a water depth of 23 m. The removal of confounding extraneous factors depends upon controlling competing algae, on raising the pressure in a series of steps, on maintaining the pressure without fluctuations during the growing period, on suiting the light and temperature conditions to the species and maintaining aquasoil air spaces or allowing them to develop.These preliminary data suggest that the level of hydrostatic pressure in the depth distribution of aquatic plants cannot be either a necessary or a sufficient controlling factor.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrostatic pressure and aquatic plant growth: a laboratory study

Dale

1984

Hydrobiologia

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“…Plants tended to elongate more in deeper water during the first week, but this was usually non-significant (Table 3). Until now, studies on the effects of hydrostatic pressure on plant growth (Gessner, 1952;Ferling, 1957;Dale, 1981Dale, . 1984 have mostly been made usmg aquatic species, and were aimed at explaining the depth distribution of these species in the field by investigating their tolerance to very high hydrostatic pressures, with effects found only at pressures similar to water depths of 5 m or more, which exceed tbe maximum depths naturally occupied by the plants under study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flood‐induced leaf elongation in Rumex species: effects of water depth and water movements

1995

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S U M M A R YSeveral species from the genus Rumex are found in Dutch river forelands. Species such as R. palustris Sm. from the low, frequently flooded areas are well adapted to wet conditions, Rumex species from higher and less frequently flooded sites are poorly adapted and therefore sensitive to flooding. One of the adaptations to flooding is enhanced shoot elongation upon connpiete submergence, enabling plants to restore leaf-air contact, provided that the water is not too deep. This paper demonstrates the strong variation in the absolute extent of flood-induced leaf elongation among species of the genus Rumex. The effects of flooding on shoot dr>' and fresh weight and internal gas \'olunies of an elongating and a non-elongating species, R. palustris and R. acetosetla L,, were compared. Net water uptake in response to complete submergence was observed in the shoots of both species. Based on results presented here, we conclude that in plants of R. palustris water enters the cells and is used for cell expansion leading to petiole elongation, whereas in plants of R. acetosella at least part of the water taken up fills the intercelfular gas spaces. Elongation of complete))* submerged Rumex plants does not vary with different depths of submergence, Tbis was concluded from the observation that there is little effect of either hydrostatic pressure or irradiance on leaf elongation during complete submergence. Howe\ er, when R. palustris plants were subjected to a changing water depth, i.e, alternate periods of complete submergence and waterlogging, they elongated less strongly than under permanent complete submergence. Water movements did not affect leaf elongation induced by submergence.

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“…Although Sheldon & Boylen (1977) suggest that the maximum depth that plants inhabit is limited by hydrostatic pressure, Dale (1981) has shown that hydrostatic pressure has a minimal effect on the growth of milfoil in water depths up to 17 m. He feels that light, temperature, and nutrient levels are much more significant to the success of plants colonizing deep water.…”

Section: Growth Patterns Of M Spicatummentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological life histories of the three aquatic nuisance plants, Myriophyllum spicatum, Potamogeton crispus and Elodea canadensis

Nichols¹,

1986

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The life histories of Myriophyllum spicatum L., Elodea canadensis Michx., and Potamogeton crispus L., serious aquatic nuisances in many regions of the world, are reviewed to provide insights into the life style of successful aquatic nuisance plants. Specifically, their distribution and spread in North America; their life cycle, productive and reproductive potential; and their ecosystem relationships are reviewed. Hopefully this review will improve a manager's ability to deal with aquatic nuisance problems. It also provides suggestions for basic research needed to develop more effective management practices.It was found that all three species possess a number of adaptations, including an ability to rapidly propagate vegetatively, an opportunistic nature for obtaining nutrients, a life cycle that favors cool weather, and a number of mechanisms which enhance photosynthetic efficiency, which allow them to proliferate.These three species do provide benefits to the ecosystem through their roles in materials cycling and energy flow. Therefore, management of these species should take an integrated approach which recognizes these benefits.The life history information available about the three species varies tremendously; however, a better understanding of resource gain and allocation is needed to manage all three species. Specifically, more research is needed to provide a better understanding of: 1) the role bicarbonate plays in photosynthesis, 2) the role roots play in supplying CO2 to the plants, 3) resource accumulation and allocation under different temperature and light regimes, 4) resource allocation on a seasonal basis, and 5) nutrient cycling under different management regimes.

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Hydrostatic pressure as the controlling factor in the depth distribution of Eurasian watermilfoil, Myriophyllum spicatum L.

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Hydrostatic pressure and aquatic plant growth: a laboratory study

Hydrostatic pressure and aquatic plant growth: a laboratory study

Flood‐induced leaf elongation in Rumex species: effects of water depth and water movements

Ecological life histories of the three aquatic nuisance plants, Myriophyllum spicatum, Potamogeton crispus and Elodea canadensis

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