Hydrostatic loading of magnetic liquid seals

Influence of geometry on liquid oxygen magnetohydrodynamics

“…This one-dimensional force balance assumes that the finite-length slug was an incompressible solid and does not account for surface tension, instabilities, or breakdown of the slug. Experiments by Perry and Jones confirm the theoretical prediction of a hydrostatic breakdown [28]; however the current case may be different due to the dynamic motion of the slug. Bashtovoi et al [29] point out that capillary effects are reduced under the influence of a magnetic field and are thus considered negligible during the pulse; however, they must be significant enough to hold the slug in place when nonmagnetized.…”

Experimental studies of the pressures generated by a liquid oxygen slug in a magnetic field

“…Bashtovoi et al [13] points out that capillary effects are reduced under the influence of a magnetic field and are thus considered negligible. Nonetheless, experiments by Perry and Jones [14] confirmed the theoretical predictions of ferrohydrodynamic breakdown as a balance of the magnetic and pressure forces. Beginning with the magnetic Bernoulli equation, the maximum pressure a slug can withstand can be predicted through the fluid's magnetic susceptibility and magnetic flux density at the slug's edges as…”

“…(7) only predicts the maximum magnetic force of a static slug and does not include the fluid properties, such as surface tension, cohesion, contact angle, and viscosity. While Perry's experiments [14] implied that surface tension is not a factor in the case of a hydrostatic breakdown, the hydrodynamic case is clearly more complicated. It is believed that the breakdown occurs due to a combination of the uneven force distribution along the slug, pressure differential about the slug, gravity, and low surface tension of LOX.…”

Characterizing the Performance of Liquid Oxygen in a Magnetic Fluid Management System

“…Time-stepping through Eqs. (8)(9)(10)(11) outputs the temperature and current of the solenoid. Then, using Eq.…”