Hydrops fetalis: primary cardiovascular etiologies and clinical outcome in 98 affected pregnancies

Fetal Echocardiography

“…• Development/progression of ventricular inflow, outflow and arch obstruction [53][54][55][56][98][99][100][101][102][103][104] • Development/progression of structural hypoplasia [53][54][55][56][105][106][107][108][109][110] • Development/progression of valvular regurgitation [98] • Development/progression of dysrhythmia [51,[75][76][77]98,111,112] • Development of foramen ovale restriction [66,113] • Diminution and closure of ventricular septal defect [114] • Development of ductus arteriosus aneurysm or spontaneous constriction [67,115] • Development of primary myocardial disease [31,[116][117][118][119] • Development of congestive heart failure [120][121][122][123][124] • Development of, progression or regression of cardiac tumors [125]…”