Hydroprocessing of crude palm oil at pilot plant scale

Guzmán, Alexander; Torres, Juan E.; Prada, Laura P.; Núñez, Manuel

doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2009.11.015

Cited by 149 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Moreover, T d3 was higher than the smoke point of palm oil (*235°C) (Guzman et al 2010). The loss of volatile compounds or low molecular weight free fatty acids in palm oil could occur at this temperature.…”

Section: Thermo-gravimetric Analysis (Tga)mentioning

confidence: 86%

Influence of palm oil and glycerol on properties of fish skin gelatin-based films

2016

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Properties of fish skin gelatin film incorporated with palm oil at 50 and 75 % (w/w) as affected by glycerol at 0-30 % (w/w) were investigated. Increases in water vapour permeability and elongation at break along with decrease in tensile strength were noticed when levels of glycerol were increased (p \ 0.05). Decrease in L*-and a*-values with coincidental increase in b*-and DE*-values were observed in emulsified films when amount of palm oil incorporated increased (p \ 0.05). Light transmittance of all films increased as glycerol levels were increased (p \ 0.05). FTIR results suggested that the protein-protein interaction in film matrix decreased when palm oil was incorporated. Films added with palm oil had lower glass transition and degradation temperatures than control films. The addition of 75 % palm oil and 10 % glycerol improved water vapour barrier property of fish skin gelatin films without drastic alteration of mechanical properties.

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Section: Thermo-gravimetric Analysis (Tga)mentioning

confidence: 86%

Influence of palm oil and glycerol on properties of fish skin gelatin-based films

2016

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“…The acidic strength of the solid acid determines the activity of the bifunctional catalysts when the same metal is used in the isomerization/cracking of n-paraffins. Because the acidic strength of various supports was in the order of H-Y > Al 13 Table 4). Table 5 shows the composition and property of the liquid hydrocarbons (C 5+ ) formed from the hydrotreatment of waste cooking oil over various catalysts.…”

Section: Hydrotreatment Of Waste Cooking Oil Over Ru-supported Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, a complex two-step process has to be used for the FAME production from high-acid-value waste cooking oil: using acid catalysts to convert free fatty acids in the first step and base catalysts to convert triglycerides in the second step. On the other hand, the conversion of high-acid-value waste cooking oil to hydrocarbon type bio-diesel has an economical advantage in that both free fatty acids and triglycerides are deoxygenated at the same time in a one-step hydrotreatment process [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Bio-Hydrogenated Diesel by Hydrotreatment of High-Acid-Value Waste Cooking Oil over Ruthenium Catalyst Supported on Al-Polyoxocation-Pillared Montmorillonite

et al. 2012

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Waste cooking oil with a high-acid-value (28.7 mg-KOH/g-oil) was converted to bio-hydrogenated diesel by a hydrotreatment process over supported Ru catalysts. The standard reaction temperature, H 2 pressure, liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV), and H 2 /oil ratio were 350 °C, 2 MPa, 15.2 h -1 , and 400 mL/mL, respectively. Both the free fatty acids and the triglycerides in the waste cooking oil were deoxygenated at the same time to form hydrocarbons in the hydrotreatment process. The predominant liquid hydrocarbon products (98.9 wt%) were n-C 18 H 38 , n-C 17 H 36 , n-C 16 H 34 , and n-C 15 H 32 when a Ru/SiO 2 catalyst was used. These long chain normal hydrocarbons had high melting points and gave the liquid hydrocarbon product over Ru/SiO 2 a high pour point of 20 °C. Ru/H-Y was not suitable for producing diesel from waste cooking oil because it formed a large amount of C 5 -C 10 gasoline-ranged paraffins on the strong acid sites of HY. When Al-polyoxocation-pillared montmorillonite (Al 13 -Mont) was used as a support for the Ru catalyst, the pour point of the liquid hydrocarbon product decreased to −15 °C with the conversion of a significant amount of C 15 -C 18 n-paraffins to iso-paraffins and light paraffins on the weak acid sites of Al 13 -Mont. The liquid product over Ru/Al 13 -Mont can be expected to give a green diesel for current diesel engines because its chemical composition and physical properties are similar to those of commercial petro-diesel. A relatively large amount of H 2 was consumed OPEN ACCESSCatalysts 2012, 2 172 in the hydrogenation of unsaturated C=C bonds and the deoxygenation of C=O bonds in the hydrotreatment process. A sulfided Ni-Mo/Al 13 -Mont catalyst also produced bio-hydrogenated diesel by the hydrotreatment process but it showed slow deactivation during the reaction due to loss of sulfur. In contrast, Ru/Al 13 -Mont did not show catalyst deactivation in the hydrotreatment of waste cooking oil after 72 h on-stream because the waste cooking oil was not found to contain sulfur-containing compounds.

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“…24,25 Decarboxylation is generally favored by higher temperatures and low pressures of H 2 over sulfided catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Step Changes and Deactivation Behavior in the Continuous Decarboxylation of Stearic Acid

Madsen

Rozmysłowicz

Simakova

et al. 2011

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Deoxygenation of dilute and concentrated stearic acid over 2% Pd/C beads was performed in a continuous reactor at 300 °C and 20 bar pressure of Ar or 5% H2/Ar. Stable operation was obtained in 5% H2 atmosphere, with 95% conversion of 10 mol % dilute stearic acid in dodecane and 12% conversion of pure stearic acid. Deactivation took place in H2-deficient gas atmosphere, probably as a result of the formation of unsaturated products and coking in the pore system. Transient experiments with step changes were performed: 1 h was required for the step change to be visible in liquid sampling, whereas steady states were achieved after a total of 2.5–3 h. Postreaction analysis of the spent catalyst revealed that a deactivation profile was formed downward over the catalyst bed.

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Hydroprocessing of crude palm oil at pilot plant scale

Cited by 149 publications

References 14 publications

Influence of palm oil and glycerol on properties of fish skin gelatin-based films

Influence of palm oil and glycerol on properties of fish skin gelatin-based films

Production of Bio-Hydrogenated Diesel by Hydrotreatment of High-Acid-Value Waste Cooking Oil over Ruthenium Catalyst Supported on Al-Polyoxocation-Pillared Montmorillonite

Step Changes and Deactivation Behavior in the Continuous Decarboxylation of Stearic Acid

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