Hydroprocessing of Biomass-Derived Oils and Their Blends with Petroleum Feedstocks: A Review

Al-Sabawi, Mustafa; Chen, Jinwen

doi:10.1021/ef3006405

Cited by 112 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 138 publications

(491 reference statements)

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“…This is finally followed by the deoxygenation of the fatty acids through hydrodeoxygenation, decarboxylation, and decarbonylation . As described earlier, hydrotreating of vegetable oils results in the formation of CO, CO 2 and H 2 O, thus one potential concern with co‐processing vegetable oils with petroleum liquids is how it might impact desulfurization, as greater volumes of hydrogen will likely be required …”

Section: Refinery Co‐processing Of Vegetable Oils and Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential synergies of drop‐in biofuel production with further co‐processing at oil refineries

Dyk

McMillan

et al. 2019

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

153

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Drop‐in biofuels have been defined as functionally equivalent to petroleum‐based transportation fuels and are fully compatible with the existing petroleum infrastructure. They will be essential in sectors such as aviation if we are to achieve emission reduction and climate mitigation goals. Currently, ‘conventional’ drop‐in biofuels, which are primarily based on upgrading of lipids / oleochemicals, are the only significant source of commercial volumes of drop‐in biofuels. However, the necessary increased, future volumes will likely come from ‘advanced’ drop‐in biofuels based on biomass feedstocks such as forest and agriculture residues. Biocrudes / bio‐oils produced from lignocellulosic feedstocks using thermochemical technologies such as gasification, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal liquefaction need to be further upgraded to drop‐in biofuels. However, advanced drop‐in biofuels have been slow to reach commercial maturity due to significant technical challenges, high capital costs, and the challenge of generally lower oil prices. It is likely that the co‐processing of drop‐in biofuels with conventional petroleum refining could considerably reduce capital costs. Initially, co‐processing is likely to be established through the upgrading of conventional / oleochemical feedstocks (lipids). Lipids are readily available in large volumes (global production in 2017 was ~185 million metric tonnes) and can be more easily integrated into oil‐refinery processes. In contrast, lignocellulose‐derived biocrudes / bio‐oils are not yet available in significant volumes and are more complex to co‐process in a refinery. The likely strategies for co‐processing of oleochemicals (lipids) and bio‐oil and biocrude feedstocks based on different insertion points within the refinery infrastructure are discussed. © 2019 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Refinery Co‐processing Of Vegetable Oils and Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential synergies of drop‐in biofuel production with further co‐processing at oil refineries

Dyk

McMillan

et al. 2019

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

153

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“…Hydroprocessing of triglyceride-based feedstock, including non-edible vegetable oils, tall oils, animal fats, and waste frying oils is an efficient way to produce diesel and aviation fuel components [3,[9][10][11][12][13]. Elimination of oxygen from the triglyceride molecules proceeds through the different competing routes [11,12,[14][15][16]: hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) or decarboxylation/decarbonylation (DeCO x ). Water molecules and alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms are produced in the HDO pathway, while the DeCO x reactions give CO x molecules and alkanes with the shorter carbon chains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergetic Effect of Ni2P/SiO2 and γ-Al2O3 Physical Mixture in Hydrodeoxygenation of Methyl Palmitate

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The Ni 2 P/SiO 2 catalyst, which was prepared by in situ temperature-programmed reduction and in the mixture with the inert (SiC, SiO 2 ) or acidic (γ-Al 2 O 3 ) material was studied in methyl palmitate hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). Methyl palmitate HDO was carried out at temperatures of 270-330 • C, H 2 /feed volume ratio of 600 Nm 3 /m 3 , and H 2 pressure of 3.0 MPa. Ni 2 P/SiO 2 catalyst, diluted with γ-Al 2 O 3 showed a higher activity than Ni 2 P/SiO 2 catalyst diluted with SiC or SiO 2 . The conversion of methyl palmitate increased significantly in the presence of γ-Al 2 O 3 most probably due to the acceleration of the acid-catalyzed reaction of ester hydrolysis. The synergism of Ni 2 P/SiO 2 and γ-Al 2 O 3 in methyl palmitate HDO can be explained by the cooperation of the metal sites of Ni 2 P/SiO 2 and the acid sites of γ-Al 2 O 3 in consecutive metal-catalyzed and acid-catalyzed reactions of HDO. The obtained results let us conclude that the balancing of metal and acid sites plays an important role in the development of the efficient catalyst for the HDO of fatty acid esters over supported phosphide catalysts.

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“…In hydrotreating several chemical reactions take place simultaneously, including cleavage of interunit linkages, deoxygenation, ring hydrogenation and removal of alkyl and methoxyl sidechains . Furthermore, removal of impurities such as sulfur, nitrogen and metals also takes place . In general, processes are defined as hydrotreating processes when the following conditions are met: operation temperature of around 125–500°C; presence of a high‐pressure hydrogen atmosphere (or a hydrogen donating source); occurrence of hydrodeoxygenation and hydrogenation reactions. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrotreating and hydrothermal treatment of alkaline lignin as technological valorization options for future biorefinery concepts: a review

Rutten

Ramírez

Posada

2016

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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Lignin has the potential to be a sustainable resource for producing biobased chemicals (e.g. phenols, aromatic hydrocarbons, vanillin) for multiple applications. However, given its heterogeneous and rigid structure, its efficient conversion to value‐added products remains one of the most important limiting factors for the successful viability of the biobased economy. Hydrotreating and hydrothermal treatment (including liquefaction, gasification and wet oxidation) are promising technologies that can convert lignin into biobased products. This review article provides a literature overview of how key process parameters of hydrotreating and hydrothermal treatment (operating conditions, catalysts, solvents, type of starting lignin) may influence the conversion of alkaline lignin into valuable chemical products. It was observed that low selectivity to products (and subsequent required separation and purification) and char formation are the main hurdles for effective conversion of alkaline lignin. However, experimental work in alternative catalytic systems, solvents and hydrogen sources has shown that promising opportunities exist to overcome these drawbacks. Certain catalysts (e.g. Ru/Al2O3) have been found to improve selectivity and the use of alcohol solvents (especially methanol or ethanol) as a hydrogen source has been found to improve product yields and reduce char formation at lower working temperatures and pressures. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry

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Hydroprocessing of Biomass-Derived Oils and Their Blends with Petroleum Feedstocks: A Review

Cited by 112 publications

References 138 publications

Potential synergies of drop‐in biofuel production with further co‐processing at oil refineries

Potential synergies of drop‐in biofuel production with further co‐processing at oil refineries

Synergetic Effect of Ni2P/SiO2 and γ-Al2O3 Physical Mixture in Hydrodeoxygenation of Methyl Palmitate

Hydrotreating and hydrothermal treatment of alkaline lignin as technological valorization options for future biorefinery concepts: a review

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