Hydropower for sustainable energy development in Turkey: The small hydropower case of the Eastern Black Sea Region

The Role of Large and Small Scale Hydropower for Energy and Water Security in the Spanish Duero Basin

“…The results obtained for river connectivity impacts are coherent with those found in other basins worldwide. Similar results were obtained by Kibler and Tullos (2013) [8], Zhao et al (2012) [66], Bakken et al (2012) [24], and Konak and Sungu-Eryilmaz (2016) [12]. The identified impacts on fish migrations and thus their reproductive capacity are also highlighted by Xiaocheng et al (2008) [22], and Bracken (2013) [72].…”

“…Nevertheless, the number of SHP power plants required for a comparable energy supply capacity is so large that, even outnumbering LHP by seven to one, they will not supply 5% of regional energy demand. Furthermore, they have considerable cumulative impacts on the river system, as also concluded by several studies in different regions such as Abbasi and Abbasi (2011) [6], Bakken et al (2012) [24], Kibler and Tullos (2013) [8], Hennig et al (2013) [9], Skinner and Haas (2014) [25] and Konak and Sungu-Eryilmaz (2016) [12]. In particular, the extensive development of up to 22 cascading SHP plants that can be found in the Pisuerga tributary (see Figure 2) does not reduce risks from climate events, since the SHP developments do not account for flood regulation capacity.…”

“…Several examples can be found in China, which has developed a strong hydropower basis in recent decades [7,8], particularly in the Yunnan [9,10] and Tibet regions [11]. Other examples in Asia are found in Turkey [12,13], India [14], Thailand [15] and the transboundary Mekong River region [16]. This trend has also played out in Latin America, where SHP deployments are spreading in countries such as Brazil [17,18] and Colombia [19].…”

“…Europe has not lagged behind, with around 21,800 operating small hydropower plants [20] primarily concentrated in 10 the UK (120) [21]. However, several studies have raised concerns over the cumulative environmental impacts posed by a large deployment of small hydropower projects [22,23], which can match or outweigh those of large hydropower projects providing an equivalent energy output [6,8,9,12,[24][25][26]. As such, debate centers around whether or not hydropower should be further promoted and, if so, whether industries should discriminate based on the size of development, and thus their impacts on the environment and short and long term economic sustainability [27,28].…”

Quantitative Evaluation of the Sustainable Development Capacity of Hydropower in China Based on Information Entropy

“…However, there are also resettlement and ecological destruction problems, it is recommended that the government firstly focuses on solving these problems. On a community level, hydropower projects are often multi-purpose in nature, serving various needs including power, water supply and recreational benefits [34][35][36]. Land alteration is also commonly associated with dam construction [33,37].…”