Hydrophysical Structure and Current Dynamics of the Kodor River Plume

Osadchiev, Alexander; Barymova, Alexandra; Sedakov, Roman; Рыбин, А. В.; Tanurkov, A. G.; Крылов, А. Л.; Kremenetskiy, V. V.; Мошаров, С. А.; Polukhin, A. A.; Ulyantsev, A. S.; Osadchiev, M. A.; Дбар, Р. С.

doi:10.1134/s000143702101015x

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…For this purpose, we performed five field surveys at the small Kodor and Bzyp river plumes located at the eastern part of the Black Sea in 2018-2022. This study continues our previous research of small river plumes in the Black Sea focused on the structure of small plumes [2,3,57], influence of wind forcing and river discharge variability on small plumes [4,58,59], generation of internal waves in river plumes [6,60], influence of small plumes on water quality and marine pollution [14,61].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…As a result, river plumes mix slowly with ambient seawater and generate sharp salinity gradients at the plume-sea interface. These gradients are especially strong at plumes formed by small rivers, which have small spatial scales and small freshwater residence time equal to hours and days [1][2][3]. In particular, horizontal (3-4 salinity units/m [2,4]) and vertical (5-6 salinity units/m [5,6]) salinity gradients observed at the outer borders of small plumes are among the largest reported in the World Ocean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Five field surveys described in this study were performed at the buoyant plumes formed by the Kodor and Bzyb rivers in the eastern part of the Black Sea (Figure 1). General characteristics of the Kodor and Bzyb plumes and the ambient saline sea are described in detail by Osadchiev et al [2][3][4]6]. The information about all field surveys analyzed in the study is summarized in georeferenced by direct projection into an earth-based Cartesian coordinate system using GPS and altimetry data from the quadcopter.…”

Section: Aerial Observations and In Situ Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lateral Border of a Small River Plume: Salinity Structure, Instabilities and Mass Transport

et al. 2022

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The interfaces between small river plumes and ambient seawater have extremely sharp horizontal and vertical salinity gradients, often accompanied by velocity shear. It results in formation of instabilities at the lateral borders of small plumes. In this study, we use high-resolution aerial remote sensing supported by in situ measurements to study these instabilities. We describe their spatial and temporal characteristics and then reconstruct their relation to density gradient and velocity shear. We report that Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities, with spatial scales ~5–50 m, are common features of the sharp plume-sea interfaces and their sizes are proportional to the Atwood number determined by the cross-shore density gradient. Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities have a smaller size (~3–7 m) and are formed at the plume border in case of velocity shear >20–30 cm/s. Both instabilities induce mass transport across the plume-sea interfaces, which modifies salinity structure of the plume borders and induces lateral mixing of small river plumes. In addition, aerial observations revealed wind-driven Stokes transport across the sharp plume-sea interface, which occurs in the shallow (~2–3 cm) surface layer. This process limitedly affects salinity structure and mixing at the plume border, however, it could be an important issue for the spread of river-borne floating particles in the ocean.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Aerial Observations and In Situ Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lateral Border of a Small River Plume: Salinity Structure, Instabilities and Mass Transport

et al. 2022

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“…The formation and spreading of river plumes are complex hydraulic processes, and many aspects of these processes remain unstudied. Many features of these processes are highlighted in small river plumes due to their small spatial scales that provide the opportunity for effective in situ measurement and aerial observation of said features [2][3][4][5][6]. One of these features is the formation of concentric rings within small river plumes, which are generated near river mouths and propagate offshore toward the plume's outer border.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal Waves as a Source of Concentric Rings within Small River Plumes

et al. 2021

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This study is focused on concentric rings, which are regularly observed by remote sensing of small river plumes located in different regions worldwide. We report new aerial observations of these features obtained by quadcopters and supported by synchronous in situ measurements, which were collected during the recent field survey at the Bzyb river plume in the eastern part of the Black Sea. Joint analysis of remote sensing imagery and in situ data suggest that the observed concentric rings are surface manifestations of high-frequency internal waves generated in the vicinity of the river mouth. The obtained results demonstrate that the propagation of these waves does not induce offshore material transport within the plume induced by shear instability, which was hypothesized in a recent numerical modeling study of this process. We provide an explanation for the appearance of misleading material features in the numerical simulations discussed above. Finally, we discuss directions for future research of high-frequency internal waves generated in small river plumes.

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“…This feature could be explained by smaller depth (4-8 m) and area (6 000 -36 000 km 2 ) of the Pechora plume as compared to large river plumes mentioned above (with depths >10 m and areas >100 000 km 2 ). On the other hand, the response rate of small river plumes with depths of 1-2 m and area of 1-10 km 2 is equal to several hours (Pinones et al, 2005;Korotkina et al, 2011;Korotkina et al, 2014;Qu and Hetland, 2019;Osadchiev et al, 2020d;Osadchiev et al, 2021d), which is much smaller than that for the Pechora plume. We want to highlight, that these results were obtained using in situ and satellite data and should be considered for numerical modeling of these river plumes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Structure and variability of the Pechora plume in the southeastern part of the Barents Sea

2023

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The Pechora River forms the large Pechora River plume in the southeastern part of the Barents Sea (also called the Pechora Sea). Many previous works addressed water masses in the Barents Sea, however, the Pechora plume received relatively little attention, therefore, many basic aspects of its structure and variability remain unknown. In this study, we focus on spreading of the Pechora plume in the Pechora Sea during ice-free periods. Based on the extensive in situ measurements and satellite observations, we describe the dependence of area and spatial characteristics of the Pechora plume on wind forcing, river discharge rate, and spring ice conditions. We reveal three general types of Pechora plume spreading, which are determined by the external forcing conditions. Joint analysis of a large set of in situ and satellite data provided opportunity to study the variability of the Pechora plume on the synoptic, seasonal, and interannual time scales. We reveal regular advection of the Pechora plume through the Kara Strait into the Kara Sea. In addition, we describe formation of a significant area of increased salinity within the Pechora plume formed during wind-induced coastal upwelling events. The results of this research are of key importance for understanding the physical, biological, and geochemical processes in the Pechora Sea and the adjacent areas of the Barents and Kara seas.

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Hydrophysical Structure and Current Dynamics of the Kodor River Plume

Cited by 10 publications

References 47 publications

Lateral Border of a Small River Plume: Salinity Structure, Instabilities and Mass Transport

Lateral Border of a Small River Plume: Salinity Structure, Instabilities and Mass Transport

Internal Waves as a Source of Concentric Rings within Small River Plumes

Structure and variability of the Pechora plume in the southeastern part of the Barents Sea

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