Hydrophobized Short Peptide Amphiphile Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles as Antibacterial Biomaterials

Abstract

In search of new antibacterial agents and therapeutic strategies, during this antibiotic resistance crises, we developed a facile and effective antibacterial nanomaterial by using di‐phenylalanine based hydrophobized short peptide amphiphile (HsPA) and AuNPs. Such peptide amphiphile functionalised nanoparticles can provide a universal platform for medicinal applications owing to their unique physicochemical properties. The nanostructures of sPA and HsPA‐AuNPs hybrids were confirmed by spectroscopic and microscopy techniques. The antibacterial activity of these nanostructures were tested against clinically relevant bacteria such as Escherichia coli and found satisfactory. The HsPA acted as a model drug (Au(III) and AuNPs) delivery agent. Therefore such stimuli responsive, HsPA‐AuNPs system may open new therapeutic paradigms for emerging the theranostics.

Amyloid‐β Inspired Short Peptide Amphiphile Facilitates Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles as Potential Antibacterial Agents

“…One of the simplest method is the lipidation of a rationally designed short peptide‐based conjugates, leading to special class of peptide amphiphile, known as short peptide amphiphile (sPA) [26–28] . Thus, amyloidogenic dipeptide diphenylalanine (Phe‐Phe) was conjugated to a β‐amino acid i. e., β‐alanine (Scheme 1), which subsequently lipidated at N‐terminus by standard fatty acids, i. e., palmitic acid [29–30] . Such sPA have strikingly structural similarity to LPs and hence can be categorized into a simplified and updated version of LP [23] .…”

“…Such hybrid structures are comprised of electronically rich substituent, hence further make it a multifunctional hybrid nanomaterial reagent for numerous other applications ranging from nanotechnology to peptide‐based therapeutics [40–42] . It is also well documented that the presence of various metal ions are responsible to modulate the self‐assembled structures of this sPA 1 , and can be used for various biomedical application [29–30,40–42] . In our previous reports, the formation of nanostructures and their quantitative study for plausible applications were done in 500 μM [29] and 200 μM [30] ethanolic/aqueous‐ethanolic solutions of sPA 1 , respectively.…”

“…The variation in nanostructure's morphologies of sPA 1 , from 500 μM to 200 μM clearly revealed that peptide concentration may play an important role in the self‐assembly process [43–44] . Such variation in morphology in self‐assembled structures of sPA 1 can further be controlled by using bioactive metal ions, e. g., Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Au(III) and AuNPs to name a few [29–30] . Therefore this time we wish to perform the self‐assembly study of sPA 1 at different or lesser concentration, i. e., 10 μM and 100 μM, followed by the formation of AgNPs in these two concentrations [40–42] …”

“…[40][41][42] It is also well documented that the presence of various metal ions are responsible to modulate the selfassembled structures of this sPA1, and can be used for various biomedical application. [29][30][40][41][42] In our previous reports, the formation of nanostructures and their quantitative study for plausible applications were done in 500 μM [29] and 200 μM [30] ethanolic/aqueous-ethanolic solutions of sPA 1, respectively. The variation in nanostructure's morphologies of sPA 1, from 500 μM to 200 μM clearly revealed that peptide concentration may play an important role in the self-assembly process.…”

Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Loaded Biomimetic Isomeric Short Lipopeptide Nanostructures

“…Both sPA molecules, used in this study, were synthesized by following previously reported standard protocols. [18,20,24,[27][28][29] Firstly, we started to investigate the self-assembly of sPA1 and 2.…”