Hydrophobicity of peat soils: Characterization of organic compound changes associated with heat-induced water repellency

Wu, Yichen; Zhang, Nan; Slater, G. F.; Waddington, J. M.; Lannoy, Charles‐François de

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136444

Cited by 37 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…Another recent study also found that relatively low-temperature fire caused the rapid formation of hydrophobic coatings on the surface of peat soils with minimal structural changes to bulk SOC (Wu, Zhang, Slater, Waddington, & de Lannoy, 2020). Our XPS results also point to the increased abundance of aromatic compounds on the surface of aggregates, a pattern similar to charcoal and biochar, which has been shown to produce positive or negative priming of microbial respiration depending on feedstock and temperature of production.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Such hydrophobic coatings are commonly created during low‐severity fires (DeBano et al, 1970) and have low water solubility (Gonzalez‐Perez et al, 2004; Knicker, 2007), giving these coatings the potential for long‐term persistence in soil affected by fires. Another recent study also found that relatively low‐temperature fire caused the rapid formation of hydrophobic coatings on the surface of peat soils with minimal structural changes to bulk SOC (Wu, Zhang, Slater, Waddington, & de Lannoy, 2020). Our XPS results also point to the increased abundance of aromatic compounds on the surface of aggregates, a pattern similar to charcoal and biochar, which has been shown to produce positive or negative priming of microbial respiration depending on feedstock and temperature of production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Low‐severity fire as a mechanism of organic matter protection in global peatlands: Thermal alteration slows decomposition

Flanagan

Wang

Winton

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

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Worldwide, regularly recurring wildfires shape many peatland ecosystems to the extent that fire‐adapted species often dominate plant communities, suggesting that wildfire is an integral part of peatland ecology rather than an anomaly. The most destructive blazes are smoldering fires that are usually initiated in periods of drought and can combust entire peatland carbon stores. However, peatland wildfires more typically occur as low‐severity surface burns that arise in the dormant season when vegetation is desiccated, and soil moisture is high. In such low‐severity fires, surface layers experience flash heating, but there is little loss of underlying peat to combustion. This study examines the potential importance of such processes in several peatlands that span a gradient from hemiboreal to tropical ecozones and experience a wide range of fire return intervals. We show that low‐severity fires can increase the pool of stable soil carbon by thermally altering the chemistry of soil organic matter (SOM), thereby reducing rates of microbial respiration. Using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared, we demonstrate that low‐severity fires significantly increase the degree of carbon condensation and aromatization of SOM functional groups, particularly on the surface of peat aggregates. Laboratory incubations show lower CO2 emissions from peat subjected to low‐severity fire and predict lower cumulative CO2 emissions from burned peat after 1–3 years. Also, low‐severity fires reduce the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of peat, indicating that these fires can inhibit microbial access to SOM. The increased stability of thermally altered SOM may allow a greater proportion of organic matter to survive vertical migration into saturated and anaerobic zones of peatlands where environmental conditions physiochemically protect carbon stores from decomposition for thousands of years. Thus, across latitudes, low‐severity fire is an overlooked factor influencing carbon cycling in peatlands, which is relevant to global carbon budgets as climate change alters fire regimes worldwide.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Low‐severity fire as a mechanism of organic matter protection in global peatlands: Thermal alteration slows decomposition

Flanagan

Wang

Winton

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

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“…Hydrophobicity is either a nature or ability of soil (peat soil) to hold water in low power or a soil surface state that can no longer bind water (Szajdak dan Szatylowicz, 2010). Hydrophobicity is caused by a decrease in total acidity, carboxyl groups, and hydroxyphenolate content (Utami et al, 2009b;Wu et al, 2020). Masganti (2012) added that in the laboratory, hydrophobic peat soil would produce a biased value in the analysis of chemical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of cation exchange capacity and analysis of cation availability in hemic and sapric peat with different preparation and extraction methods

Siregar

Maas

Nurudin

2021

ipas

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The use of mineral soil analysis procedures in peat soils is considered unsuitable. Peat soil is vulnerable to disturbance, which leads to the damage of peat inert structure, such as the sifting and drying process. The objective of this study was to obtain the proper methods of preparation and extraction to be used in peat soils that can reflect the conditions on field. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory of Soil Science Department UGM by using the peat soil samples taken from Padang Island, Riau, arranged in a factorial randomized block design with three factors (peat soil preparation, the extraction method, and the levelof peat maturity). The variables observed included the available cation and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of the peat soil. The results showed that there was no significant effect of the treatment interactions on each variable observed. The preparation method for original soil at each level of peat maturity reflected more of the physical condition on the field more than other methods. Meanwhile, sapric peat showed significant effect on cations and CEC. After being converted to bulk density (BD) values at each level of peat maturity, the result of the leaching extraction method showed that the value of available cation and CEC that reflected more of the value on the field. The peat soil analysis method should be carried out without air drying and shaking extraction treatment for further research.

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“…300°C was selected because this was within reasonable range of temperatures that peat fires occur ( i.e. , 250–300 °C) [10] . Moreover, we picked corn starch (Sigma-Aldrich) and cellulose (Sigma-Aldrich) as precursors, due to their low cost and abundance in North America, as well as their potential to partly mimic peat constituents, i.e.…”

Section: Methods Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These peats are also a large reservoir for terrestrial carbon. Boreal peats suffer from frequent peat fires and droughts, which are becoming more frequent due to climate change [ 10 ]. Damaged surface peats contribute to water runoff, have been shown to impact the water quality of downstream communities, and can impede the regrowth of valuable boreal forests after forest fires.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast synthesis of high surface area bio-based porous carbons for organic pollutant removal

Zhang

Lannoy

2021

MethodsX

Self Cite

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A fast, facile and one-pot chemical activation method was used to develop porous carbons with high surface area and excellent phenolic micropollutant adsorption performance from renewable precursors. This method was applied to three precursors: naturally abundant, but often underestimated wildfire-damaged boreal peats, corn starch, and cellulose. Porous carbon formation was accomplished through precursor impregnation with ZnCl 2 powder and their simultaneous pyrolysis under inert N 2 flow at 400 or 600 °C for 1 h. The maximum adsorption capacities of these bio-sorbents towards a model contaminant, p -nitrophenol, in simulated wastewater were equal to or superior than using a commercial activated carbon (CAC), Norit GSX (> 530 mg/g) over wide initial concentration ranges (20–2000 mg/L). p -nitrophenol adsorption best fitted Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherms, suggesting multilayer chemisorption. Low concentration p -nitrophenol (20 mg/L) adsorption into the bio-sorbents was rapid in the first 4 h, and could reach high removals (> 98%). The method presented here yielded bio-sorbents with similarly high adsorption performance regardless of the precursor type, while avoiding energy-intensive processing steps during sorbent production. This study gives a useful alternative for manufacturing new sorbents from other upcycled carbonaceous and/or bio-based materials to remove micropollutants and heavy metals. Fast, single-step chemical activation for manufacturing bio-based porous carbons. Efficient adsorption towards aqueous phenolic micropollutant from batch studies. A competitive substitute of charcoal activated carbons for water purification.

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Hydrophobicity of peat soils: Characterization of organic compound changes associated with heat-induced water repellency

Cited by 37 publications

References 126 publications

Low‐severity fire as a mechanism of organic matter protection in global peatlands: Thermal alteration slows decomposition

Low‐severity fire as a mechanism of organic matter protection in global peatlands: Thermal alteration slows decomposition

Determination of cation exchange capacity and analysis of cation availability in hemic and sapric peat with different preparation and extraction methods

Fast synthesis of high surface area bio-based porous carbons for organic pollutant removal

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