Hydrophobically Modified Cellulose Nanofibers‐Enveloped Solid Lipid Microparticles for Improved Antioxidant Cargo Retention

Abstract

This study introduces a cellulose nanofiber surfactant system, in which the surface is hydrophobically modified with different alkyl chain structures for the effective envelopment of solid lipid microparticles (SLMs). To endow bacterial cellulose nanofibers (BCNFs) with excellent ability to assemble at the lipid-water interface, alkyl chains with designated molecular structures, such as decane, didecane, and eicosane, are covalently grafted onto the BCNF surface. Interfacial tension and interfacial rheology measurements indicate that dialkyl chain-grafted BCNFs (diC 10 BCNF) exhibit strong interfibrillar association at the interface. The formation of a dense and tough fibrillary membrane contributes significantly to the enveloping of the SLMs, regardless of the lipid type. Because the diC 10 BCNF-enveloped SLMs exhibit a core molecular crystalline phase at the microscale, they can immobilize an oil-soluble antioxidant while maintaining its long-term storage stability. These findings show that the cellulose-surfactant-based SLM technology is applicable to the stabilization and formulation of readily denatured active ingredients.

High Internal Phase Emulsion Stabilization through Restricted Interdrop Fusion across Water Drainage Channels

“…The appropriate introduction of single alkyl chains into BCNFs increases their adhesion to the O/W interface, and the introduction of dialkyl chains leads to a more improved interfacial assembly with the aid of chain configuration. 45,46 BCNF diC18 is expected to have an excellent ability to assemble at the O/W interface, as two C18 alkyl chains per unit cellulose ring will readily adhere to oil drops while retaining its hydrophilicity, which is quite comparable to the case of using BCNF diC18 grafted with a single C18 alkyl chain per unit cellulose ring (Figure 2a). To prove this, the wettability of BCNF C18 and BCNF diC18 was examined by measuring the contact angle of a sessile drop of water on a flat glass slide coated with each dried BCNF film (Figure 2b).…”

Microencapsulation of alcohol solvents and high-content actives for efficient transdermal delivery

“…6 Despite this, emulsions suffer from long-term stability and undesirable exposure to light and oxygen that may lead to deactivation of the encapsulated actives. 7 Alternatively, emulsiontemplated microcapsules and vesicles, which can effectively enclose the inner solvent phase containing the desired actives within a shell material have been proposed. 8,9,[30][31][32] While photopolymerizable perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs) and low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate) (PEGDA) have been exploited as the shell material for the microencapsulation of a broad range of solvents, they are either not biocompatible, only offer a limited selection of compatible solvents, or leave shell debris after rupture.…”

Multilamellar ceramide core-structured microvehicles with substantial skin barrier function recovery

“…13,18,19 Recent studies have also shown that hydrophobically modified nanofibers, including ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate, can induce the formation of cubic or lamellar phases in lipid-water dispersions while interacting strongly with the lipids without being admitted into the internal phases. 20,21 Such nanofibrillary materials with high aspect ratios are featured to form a tight and dense fibrillary membrane at the lipid-water interface owing to their amphiphilic nature. [21][22][23] These findings suggest that properly selecting lipids and surfactants with a well-adjusted composition is critical for stabilizing suspended lipid particles.…”

“…20,21 Such nanofibrillary materials with high aspect ratios are featured to form a tight and dense fibrillary membrane at the lipid-water interface owing to their amphiphilic nature. [21][22][23] These findings suggest that properly selecting lipids and surfactants with a well-adjusted composition is critical for stabilizing suspended lipid particles.…”