Hydrophobic, mechanical and thermal characteristics of thermoplastic cellulose diacetate bonded with cardanol from cashew nutshell

Iji, Masatoshi; Moon, Sung-Il; Tanaka, Shukichi

doi:10.1038/pj.2011.57

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The resulting cardanol-bonded cellulose resin ( Figure 1) has higher heat resistance and water resistance than other cellulose derivatives, such as conventional short-chain cellulose esters and long-chain cellulose esters, because the rigid and hydrophobic benzene ring of cardanol prevents heat distortion and water absorption (5,9). Furthermore, it has higher heat resistance and flexural strength than those of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), which is petroleum-based and used in electronic products (8,9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…We recently developed a novel cellulose-based bioplastic by using a cardanol derivative as a long side chain (8,9). Cardanol is a non-edible plant resource extracted from cashew nut shells, generated in large amounts as a byproduct, and has a unique structure: a flexible and hydrophobic long side chain (carbon number: 15) with unsaturated bonds, a rigid and hydrophobic benzene ring, and a reactive phenolic hydroxyl group (10,11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of Cardanol-Bonded Cellulose Resin with Nonfood Plant Resources: Low Energy Heterogeneous Synthesis Process

Toyama

Soyama

Tanaka

et al. 2015

ACS Symposium Series

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To synthesize a high-strength and heat-resistant novel cellulose-based bioplastic having a long side chain with low energy consumption, we developed a novel two-step heterogeneous process. The bioplastic is a cellulose ester synthesized by bonding a short side chain (acetic acid) and a long one (3-pentadecylphenoxy acetic acid, a derivative of cardanol, extracted from cashew nut shells). In conventional homogeneous processes, cellulose esters are recovered by precipitation with large quantities of poor solvents, which requires much energy consumption for their distillation. In the novel process, first, limited amounts of these chains are bonded in a heterogeneous system to achieve efficient product recovery by filtration without precipitation. Second, the short-chain acid is additionally bonded to attain good thermoplasticity of the final product, the cellulose resin, which is recovered by distilling the reaction solvent and the remaining short-chain component. The solvent usage was reduced by approximately 90% compared with a homogeneous process. The thermoplasticity of the resulting resin was comparable to that of a homogeneous one. Furthermore, the mechanical and thermal characteristics of the resin were greatly improved by adding a specific linear polyester, poly(butylene succinate adipate), and a glass fiber, achieving high target levels for durable products.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Cardanol-Bonded Cellulose Resin with Nonfood Plant Resources: Low Energy Heterogeneous Synthesis Process

Toyama

Soyama

Tanaka

et al. 2015

ACS Symposium Series

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“…Cardanol is a uniquely structured phenol derivative with a linear alkyl side chain, and it is hydrophobic and flexible. Esterification of the modified cardanol (3‐pentadecylphenoxy acetic acid: PAA) and CDA results in a thermoplastic PAA‐bonded CDA resin, which has excellent properties such as rigidity, glass transition temperature, and water resistance . However, this PAA‐bonded CDA has insufficient impact strength for use in durable products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement in impact strength of modified cardanol‐bonded cellulose thermoplastic resin by adding modified silicones

Soyama

Kiuchi

Iji

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The impact strength of cellulose diacetate (CDA) bonded with a modified cardanol (3-pentadecylphenoxy acetic acid: PAA) was greatly improved up to 9 kJ/m 2 by adding a relatively small amount of modified silicones while suppressing a decrease in bending strength. In our recent research, this thermoplastic resin (PAA-bonded CDA) exhibited high rigidity, glass transition temperature, and water resistance. However, its impact strength was insufficient for use in durable products. Therefore, silicones modified with polyether, amino, and epoxy groups were investigated as possible ways to improve the impact strength. The results show that adding polyether-modified silicone (polyether silicone) with moderate polarity relative to PAA-bonded CDA resulted in shearing deformation greatly enhances its impact strength while maintaining other properties, including glass transition temperature (T g ), water resistance, and thermoplasticity.

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“…[7][8][9] As shown in Figure 1, bonding a modifiedcardanol derivative (PAA) with cellulose diacetate (CDA) resulted in a bioplastic (PAA-bonded CDA) having good thermoplasticity, high strength, and high heat and water resistance, which were superior to those of conventional cellulose resins such as CDA with plasticizers including triethyl citrate (TEC). However, the impact strength of PAA-bonded CDA was insufficient for use in durable products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 However, these plasticizers degraded other characteristics, such as bending strength and heat resistance, of cardanol-bonded cellulose thermoplastic resins. 7,8 Furthermore, the impact strength of cellulose resin (CA propionate) was improved by adding another type of resin (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene: ABS). 17 As far as we know, however, there have been no reports on improving the impact strength of cardanol-bonded cellulose thermoplastic resins by using other types of resins.…”

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Improvement in impact strength of modified cardanol‐bonded cellulose thermoplastic resin by using olefin resins

Kiuchi¹,

Soyama²,

Iji³

et al. 2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Impact strength of a modified cardanol-bonded cellulose thermoplastic resin was greatly improved by using a small amount of olefin resins. As we showed, this thermoplastic resin (3-pentadecylphenoxy acetic acid (PAA)-bonded cellulose diacetate (CDA): PAA-bonded CDA) exhibited high practical properties such as bending strength, heat resistance, and water resistance. However, its impact strength was insufficient for use in durable products. We improved the impact strength of PAA-bonded CDA by adding hydrophobic olefin resins, such as polyethylene or polypropylene, while maintaining good bending strength and breaking strain. Furthermore, the application of olefin resins also increased water resistance and fluidity. V C 2013Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39829.

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Hydrophobic, mechanical and thermal characteristics of thermoplastic cellulose diacetate bonded with cardanol from cashew nutshell

Cited by 26 publications

References 20 publications

Development of Cardanol-Bonded Cellulose Resin with Nonfood Plant Resources: Low Energy Heterogeneous Synthesis Process

Development of Cardanol-Bonded Cellulose Resin with Nonfood Plant Resources: Low Energy Heterogeneous Synthesis Process

Improvement in impact strength of modified cardanol‐bonded cellulose thermoplastic resin by adding modified silicones

Improvement in impact strength of modified cardanol‐bonded cellulose thermoplastic resin by using olefin resins

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