Hydrophobic development and mechanical properties of cellulose substrates supercritically impregnated with food-grade waxes

Sustainable and Repulpable Barrier Coatings for Fiber-Based Materials for Food Packaging: A Review

“…Functionalized bioderived hydrophobic lipid coatings have been reported to offer improved water barrier performance, good adherence, smoothness, gloss, and biological activity (Zhang et al, 2014a;Fratini et al, 2016;York et al, 2019;Hutton-Prager et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2021;Chungsiriporn et al, 2022). In particular, beeswax and Carnauba wax can be extracted on an industrial scale (de Freitas et al, 2019;Navarro-Hortal et al, 2019).…”

Development of strong and high-barrier food packaging films from cyclic-anhydride modified bacterial cellulose

“…Some studies have reported methods of hydrophobic modification such as coating or blending of hydrophobic agents with a hydrophilic cellulose substrate, 20–23 or chemically modifying cellulose nanofibers/nanocrystals using esterifying agents (acylants) in the presence of an organic solvent. However, these approaches have led to problems such as decreases in the transparency, smoothness, flexibility, biodegradability, and mechanical and thermal properties of the films, and the consumption of large volumes of organic solvents ( e.g.…”

“…16,17 However, these -OHs also enable chemical functionalization of cellulose (e.g., esteri-cation, silylation, etherication, amidation), which confers new properties upon the BC lms and thus paves the way for multiple practical applications in areas such as food and biomedicine. 18,19 Some studies have reported methods of hydrophobic modication such as coating or blending of hydrophobic agents with a hydrophilic cellulose substrate, [20][21][22][23] or chemically modifying cellulose nanobers/nanocrystals using esterifying agents (acylants) in the presence of an organic solvent. However, these approaches have led to problems such as decreases in the transparency, smoothness, exibility, biodegradability, and mechanical and thermal properties of the lms, and the consumption of large volumes of organic solvents (e.g., ionic liquids, N,N-dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride) during the cellulose ber dissolution, solvent exchange, and precipitation/purication steps.…”

Degradable Superhydrophobic Coatings Using the Solid–Liquid Transition of a Multilayer Structure near Body Temperature

“…For example, in drug delivery, contents are released in response to pH, temperature, light, and redox . Recent advances have led to edible smart surfaces with hydrophobic natural waxes, which are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the brittleness of these coatings has been decreased , with a diatom shell, chitosan, cellulose, ectin, oils, and attapulgite. , Although these coatings would be useful as protective films for drug delivery and edible electronics, , their wax materials have high melting points, e.g., approximately 61–65 °C for beeswax, and cannot be dissolved in the body. Thus, what is needed is a film designed to be degradable in the body.…”