Hydrophobic alkylphosphonium ionic liquid for electrochemistry at ultramicroelectrodes and micro liquid|liquid interfaces

Determination of alkali metal ion transfers at liquid|liquid interfaces stabilized by a micropipette

“…Micropipette fabrication has been described in a few recent publications [10][11][12][13], however a brief outline follows. Using an electric puller (Narishige, Model #PP-83, Japan), a hollow borosilicate glass capillary (1.0 mm internal and 2.0 mm external diameter, Sutter Instrument Co., Navato, CA, USA) was pulled at its center creating two tapered ends which were flame annealed (just sealing their ends) using a Bunsen burner.…”

“…All aqueous solutions were prepared using ultrapure, Milli-Q, water (18.2 MX). The organic phase supporting electrolyte P 66614 TB was prepared through a simple metathesis reaction between the P 66614 Cl and KTB salts in dichloromethane in a procedure described elsewhere [13].…”

“…A pulled, silanized glass pipette with the micro-ITIES supported at the tip and held in a specialized micropipette holder offers another method for reaching alkali metal IT [2]. We have developed further this apparatus by utilizing a syringe that greatly stabilizes the ITIES [10][11][12][13]. Our micropipette fabrication method generates a microchannel that is of uniform, consistent diameter, and constructing it out of glass means the apparatus can be used almost indefinitely.…”

“…Ion transfer (IT) at an immiscible interface between two electrolytic solutions (ITIES), often using biphasic systems like water|1,2-dichloroethane (w|DCE) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] or water|nitrobenzene (w|NB) [1,[17][18][19][20], has been described as useful biomimetics for cell membranes [21], employed as ion selective electrodes in sensor applications [22][23][24][25], and rationalized as having implications towards metal ion extraction processes [11,12,21,26]. IT can be described using the following equation:…”

Ion transfer across the water|trifluorotoluene interface

“…Other solvents such as 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE), 2-heptanone [19,20], 2-octanone [20], 1,6-dichlorohexane [21,22], 1,4-dichlorobutane [22], acetophenone [23], dichlorobenzene [24], and even lately room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL) [25][26][27][28][29] have been found to be suitable, but are either expensive or difficult to prepare.…”