“…incorporated titanium (Ti) into porous silica frameworks to endow Ti sites with catalytic oxidation ability [ 1 ]. Nowadays, catalytic oxidation reactions using titanium silicate materials have become one of the most important processes in the petrochemical industry [ 2 , 3 ]. Among them, catalytic oxidative desulfurization (ODS) has emerged as a promising technique for removing thiophenic sulfurs from fuels to meet stringent environmental regulations [ 4 ].…”