Hydrophilic Surface-Modified PAN Nanofibrous Membranes for Efficient Oil–Water Emulsion Separation

Boyraz, Evren; Yalçinkaya, Fatma

doi:10.3390/polym13020197

Cited by 32 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Similar results have been observed before [ 20 , 29 ]. It was observed that NaOH treatment exhibited swelling of PAN membranes, resulting in a pore diameter reduction [ 30 , 31 ]. The NaOH cleaning agent caused hydrolysis of nitrile groups on the membrane surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Cleaning Process of Polymeric Nanofibrous Membranes

et al. 2022

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Membrane fouling is one of the most significant issues to overcome in membrane-based technologies as it causes a decrease in the membrane flux and increases operational costs. This study investigates the effect of common chemical cleaning agents on polymeric nanofibrous membranes (PNM) prepared by polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and polyamide 6 (PA6) nanofibers. Common alkaline and acid membrane cleaners were selected as the chemical cleaning agents. Membrane surface morphology was investigated. The PAN PNM were selected and fouled by engine oil and then cleaned by the different chemical cleaning agents at various ratios. The SEM results indicated that the use of chemical agents had some effects on the surface of the nanofibrous membranes. Moreover, alkaline cleaning of the fouled membrane using the Triton X 100 surfactant showed a two to five times higher flux recovery than without using a surfactant. Among the tested chemical agents, the highest flux recovery rate was obtained by a binary solution of 5% sodium hydroxide + Triton for alkaline cleaning, and an individual solution of 1% citric acid for acidic cleaning. The results presented here provide one of the first investigations into the chemical cleaning of nanofiber membranes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Cleaning Process of Polymeric Nanofibrous Membranes

et al. 2022

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“…UF effluent needs excessive treatment, hence remained concentrate or backwash flushes (slurry) are directed to incinerators for further COD decrease to deal with environmental regulations. [178] The EV treatment unit shows the highest capital cost and electrical demand, which the highest reduction to COD, together with the highest payback time (1.14 years) and lowest present net value. [190] The least technology-consuming expense is UF, with the highest net present value, and the lowest reimbursement time (0.22 years), compared with EC that needs 0.89 years as compensation time.…”

Section: Economics Of Membrane Separation Of Oil In Water Emulsionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Recent Aspects in Membrane Separation for Oil/Water Emulsion

Shalaby

Sołowski

Abbas

2021

Adv Materials Inter

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found with other insoluble matter, presenting relevant problems with safe and convenient separation. The legal discharge of oil-water emulsions is a complex process. [4] Thus, environmental authorities have established stringent regulations to cope with it. [5] Depending on countries, the oil limits are concentrations below 40 ppm as in Vietnam, [6] and in other countries like Korea, the maximum is only five ppm of oil in discharge. [7] Generally, the oil phase in water has three forms, based on oil droplets, size of more than 150 micrometers is called free oil, but that size found from 50 to 150 micrometers is the dispersed oil, [8] finally, the emulsified oil less than 20 µm. There is an increasing interest in employing membrane technology for filtering smaller size oil droplets. In this review, oil-water emulsion problems are highlighted with oil-water separation techniques selection and their performance with varied oil concentration and composition of other immiscible or miscible components. [9] Membrane technology is known formerly to economically advantageous for oily wastewater (OWW) treatment compared with other conventional technologies. [9] Based on the literature, the membranebased treatment cost estimation was about 1 and 3 $ m −3 , [10] lower than for dissolved air floatation (DAF) treatment (cost was 3.65 $ m −3 ). Generally, the treatment cost depends on OWW sources, as each industry has its specific blends for oil and grease jointly with other membrane foulants. [11] For example, oil-water emulsions treatment from the fatty acid industry has a total capital cost (costs of membranes, electricity, labor, cleaning, and maintenance) of 2.65 $ m −3 , compared with the railroad industry (it was ranged from 1.03 to 1.48 $ m −3 ). These costs for the metalworking OWW using UF were 2.8 $ m −3 . In microfiltration (MF) membrane, the OWW membrane-based treatment for oil concentration of 50 ppm annual cost was estimated as 0.098 $ m −3 with a feed rate of 100 m 3 day −1 . [9] The cost of membrane-based treatment of OWW is generally varying but is lower than conventional technologies. [12] 1.1. Oil-Water Emulsions Sources, Environmental Hazard, and Discharge Limits An oil-water emulsion is either a waste stream product, or secondary product. These effluents are generated from different areas and industrial sectors like the petroleum& gas sector, food processing, shipping facilities and maritime, and many others Oily wastewater is generated by various industries in extraordinary growing volumes, such as oil refineries, petrochemicals, metallurgical, food & beverages, and dairy industries, which need oil removal for safe discharge to the environment. Lower cost of production with high oil removal and efficient performance compared to classical methods for treating oil-water emulsions attributed to the alleviation of operation. That emphasizes membrane modification to enhance wettability, hydrophilicity with the antifouling property such as membranes dealing with tiny oil emulsions to be the key parameters to im...

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“…The optimized electrodes were afterwards tested in H 2 and CH 4 fuel gases where they showed good thermal and redox cycling stability [ 211 ]. Besides this type of composite [ 212 , 213 ], other material systems as anodes for solid oxide fuel cells are, e.g., Ni-coated yttria-stabilized zirconia nanofiber mats [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ...…”

Section: Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typical applications of electrospun nanofiber mats can be found in the areas of biotechnology and biomedicine [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ], implant scaffolds [ 30 ], micropollutant elimination [ 31 ], nanoparticle delivery [ 32 ], oil/water separation [ 33 , 34 ], air and water filtration [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ], and electrochemical cells [ 39 ]. This review gives an overview of the aforementioned kinds of electrochemical cells in which electrospun nanofiber mats are applied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Electrospun Nanofibers for Fabrication of Versatile and Highly Efficient Electrochemical Devices: A Review

Banitaba

Ehrmann

2021

Polymers

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Electrochemical devices convert chemical reactions into electrical energy or, vice versa, electricity into a chemical reaction. While batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, solar cells, and sensors belong to the galvanic cells based on the first reaction, electrolytic cells are based on the reversed process and used to decompose chemical compounds by electrolysis. Especially fuel cells, using an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen with an oxidizing agent to produce electricity, and electrolytic cells, e.g., used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, are of high interest in the ongoing search for production and storage of renewable energies. This review sheds light on recent developments in the area of electrospun electrochemical devices, new materials, techniques, and applications. Starting with a brief introduction into electrospinning, recent research dealing with electrolytic cells, batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, electrochemical solar cells, and electrochemical sensors is presented. The paper concentrates on the advantages of electrospun nanofiber mats for these applications which are mostly based on their high specific surface area and the possibility to tailor morphology and material properties during the spinning and post-treatment processes. It is shown that several research areas dealing with electrospun parts of electrochemical devices have already reached a broad state-of-the-art, while other research areas have large space for future investigations.

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Hydrophilic Surface-Modified PAN Nanofibrous Membranes for Efficient Oil–Water Emulsion Separation

Cited by 32 publications

References 42 publications

Chemical Cleaning Process of Polymeric Nanofibrous Membranes

Chemical Cleaning Process of Polymeric Nanofibrous Membranes

Recent Aspects in Membrane Separation for Oil/Water Emulsion

Application of Electrospun Nanofibers for Fabrication of Versatile and Highly Efficient Electrochemical Devices: A Review

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