Hydrophilic Pd/MgO Nanosystem for the Highly Efficient Aqueous-Phase Catalysis of Suzuki–Miyaura Reactions

Abstract

Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reactions are regarded as one of the most effective methods for making C–C bonds; however, a green synthesis to substitute the use of abundant organic solvents has been a challenging problem. Herein, two commercial hydrophilic MgOs with different sizes were selected to support the highly dispersed Pd nanoparticles (NPs) due to the strong host–guest interactions and good hydrophilicity. When (Pd/MgO)nano was applied to catalyze the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction in aqueous solution, the (Pd/MgO)nano exhibited much better catalytic performance than (Pd/MgO)bulk. Particularly, (Pd/MgO)nano also exhibited significantly higher catalytic performance than the commercial Pd/C catalyst (95 vs 62%) due to its excellent hydrophilicity. Besides, the solvent effects, temperature effects, substrate tolerance, and so forth have been systematically investigated to further demonstrate its catalytic performance. More importantly, (Pd/MgO)nano still retained about 87% of catalytic activity after six successive cycles, indicating its great potential in industrial applications.

Pd/Mg(OH)2/MgO–ZrO2 Nanocomposite Systems for Highly Efficient Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reaction at Room Temperature: Implications for Low-Carbon Green Organic Synthesis

“…For Pd/MZ-0.25, a strong hydroxyl peak located at 531.6 eV appears, further illustrating the transition from MgO to Mg­(OH) 2 , which is consistent with our XRD and FT-IR results. In addition, Mg 1 s shifts to lower binding energy by about 0.7 eV, while the peak of Zr 3d remains unchanged (Figure S7), demonstrating that the interaction between Pd and the carrier is mainly the interaction between Pd and Mg­(OH) 2 . ,− …”

“…In consideration of the mechanism of SMC reaction, numerous results have indicated that the chemical and physical properties of catalyst carriers are important to the heterogeneous reaction system and even determine the yield and selectivity. , Developing suitable carriers to improve the catalytic performance has attracted increasing interest of global researchers. In recent years, various carriers have been developed to immobilize Pd nanoparticles, aiming to enhance the catalytic performance and facilitate separation, such as metal oxides, , silica gel, , carbon, , zeolites, , hydrotalcites, , MOFs, , polymer resins, ionic liquids, and so forth. The pool of catalyst carriers is large and keeps growing.…”

“…11,12 Developing suitable carriers to improve the catalytic performance has attracted increasing interest of global researchers. In recent years, various carriers have been developed to immobilize Pd nanoparticles, aiming to enhance the catalytic performance and facilitate separation, such as metal oxides, 13,14 silica gel, 15,16 carbon, 17,18 zeolites, 19,20 hydrotalcites, 21,22 MOFs, 23,24 polymer resins, 25 ionic liquids, 26 and so forth. The pool of catalyst carriers is large and keeps growing.…”

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared using Aqueous Extract of Moringa Oleifera Bark as Green Agents

“…Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) are multipurpose metal oxide nanoparticles which have many applications in various fields. MgONPs have been widely used as catalysts [2][5] [6] and catalyst supports for various organic reactions [7], adsorbents [8]- [10] and electrochemical biosensors [11]. In biomedical applications, there are evidence reports showing MgONPs have antioxidant [12], antibacterial [13]- [15], antifungal [12] [16], and anticancer [16] activities.…”