Hydrophilic excipients in digital light processing (DLP) printing of sustained release tablets: Impact on internal structure and drug dissolution rate

Krkobabić, Mirjana; Medarević, Djordje; Cvijić, Sandra; Grujić, Branka; Ibrić, Svetlana

doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118790

Cited by 55 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…DLP technology uses a digital projector as a light source, which significantly reduces printing time and enables highly accurate production [39]. The DLP system uses a ceramic slurry to produce ceramic scaffolds in a layer-by-layer polymerization process [40,41]. As HA and TCP are not responsive to light, they need to be mixed with photoactive polymers that harden when exposed to UV light [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D-Printed Ceramic Bone Scaffolds with Variable Pore Architectures

Lim

Hong

Byeon

et al. 2020

IJMS

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This study evaluated the mechanical properties and bone regeneration ability of 3D-printed pure hydroxyapatite (HA)/tricalcium phosphate (TCP) pure ceramic scaffolds with variable pore architectures. A digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer was used to construct block-type scaffolds containing only HA and TCP after the polymer binder was completely removed by heat treatment. The compressive strength and porosity of the blocks with various structures were measured; scaffolds with different pore sizes were implanted in rabbit calvarial models. The animals were observed for eight weeks, and six animals were euthanized in the fourth and eighth weeks. Then, the specimens were evaluated using radiological and histological analyses. Larger scaffold pore sizes resulted in enhanced bone formation after four weeks (p < 0.05). However, in the eighth week, a correlation between pore size and bone formation was not observed (p > 0.05). The findings showed that various pore architectures of HA/TCP scaffolds can be achieved using DLP 3D printing, which can be a valuable tool for optimizing bone-scaffold properties for specific clinical treatments. As the pore size only influenced bone regeneration in the initial stage, further studies are required for pore-size optimization to balance the initial bone regeneration and mechanical strength of the scaffold.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D-Printed Ceramic Bone Scaffolds with Variable Pore Architectures

Lim

Hong

Byeon

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…Since this work, there have been significant advancements in 3D printing pharmaceuticals using inkjet printing as well as other printing technologies. The technologies used for drug product development are powder-based printing (powder bed and powder jetting) [13][14][15][16], extrusion (solid or semi-solid) based printing (fused deposition modelling (FDM), pressure-assisted microsyringes (PAM)) [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], stereolithographic (SLA) printing [27][28][29], selective laser sintering (SLS) printing [30][31][32], inkjet printing [33][34][35], digital light processing (DLP) [36,37], etc. Among all these printing processes, extrusion-based printing (FDM, PAM) has shown a growing interest among researchers due to the advantage of low cost, ability to fabricate hollow objects, ability to print using a range of polymers with or without drug, ability to tune drug release by tuning the geometry and polymer, and ability to print at room temperature (using PAM), etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymers for Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of Pharmaceuticals: A Holistic Materials–Process Perspective

et al. 2020

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Three dimensional (3D) printing as an advanced manufacturing technology is progressing to be established in the pharmaceutical industry to overcome the traditional manufacturing regime of 'one size fits for all'. Using 3D printing, it is possible to design and develop complex dosage forms that can be suitable for tuning drug release. Polymers are the key materials that are necessary for 3D printing. Among all 3D printing processes, extrusion-based (both fused deposition modeling (FDM) and pressure-assisted microsyringe (PAM)) 3D printing is well researched for pharmaceutical manufacturing. It is important to understand which polymers are suitable for extrusion-based 3D printing of pharmaceuticals and how their properties, as well as the behavior of polymer–active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) combinations, impact the printing process. Especially, understanding the rheology of the polymer and API–polymer mixtures is necessary for successful 3D printing of dosage forms or printed structures. This review has summarized a holistic materials–process perspective for polymers on extrusion-based 3D printing. The main focus herein will be both FDM and PAM 3D printing processes. It elaborates the discussion on the comparison of 3D printing with the traditional direct compression process, the necessity of rheology, and the characterization techniques required for the printed structure, drug, and excipients. The current technological challenges, regulatory aspects, and the direction toward which the technology is moving, especially for personalized pharmaceuticals and multi-drug printing, are also briefly discussed.

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“…Digital light processing (DLP) is a 3D printing technique, in which photopolymer monomers are crosslinked layer by layer. Unlike the stereolithography apparatus technique, which is based on a point laser, the DLP technique uses a digital projector as a light source, leading to significantly reduced printing time [1]. To date, DLP printing has been successfully used in biomedical fields, such as dental prothesis and tissue engineering [2], revealing its feasibility for developing a digital workflow for personalized medicine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the DLP technique has been used to prepare solid preparations for oral drug administrations. Paracetamol tablets with controllable drug-release behavior were printed following the adding of suitable pore-forming agents [1], and theophylline tablets with programed drug-release profiles were fabricated with varying surface areas [6]. However, samples with external and internal structures had different requirements on morphology and function (e.g., drug dissolution and biomechanical properties).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, photoabsorbers were able to delay the photocuring reaction and improve the printability of internal channels [14]. In addition, pore-forming agents (e.g., PEG, NaCl and Mannitol) accelerated and adjusted drug release from the highly crosslinked structure [1], whereas plasticizers (e.g., PEG and glycerol) promoted the flexibility and biomechanical properties of the printed samples [15]. Considering that external and internal structures have different requirements on the ingredients of a photopolymerizable system, further studies on their printability are necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Printability of External and Internal Structures Based on Digital Light Processing 3D Printing Technique

et al. 2020

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The high printing efficiency and easy availability of desktop digital light processing (DLP) printers have made DLP 3D printing a promising technique with increasingly broad application prospects, particularly in personalized medicine. The objective of this study was to fabricate and evaluate medical samples with external and internal structures using the DLP technique. The influence of different additives and printing parameters on the printability and functionality of this technique was thoroughly evaluated. It was observed that the printability and mechanical properties of external structures were affected by the poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) concentration, plasticizers, layer height, and exposure time. The optimal printing solutions for 3D external and internal structures were 100% PEGDA and 75% PEGDA with 0.25 mg/mL tartrazine, respectively. And the optimal layer height for 3D external and internal structures were 0.02 mm and 0.05 mm, respectively. The optimal sample with external structures had an adequate drug-loading ability, acceptable sustained-release characteristics, and satisfactory biomechanical properties. In contrast, the printability of internal structures was affected by the photoabsorber, PEGDA concentration, layer height, and exposure time. The optimal samples with internal structures had good morphology, integrity and perfusion behavior. The present study showed that the DLP printing technique was capable of fabricating implants for drug delivery and physiological channels for in vivo evaluation.

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Hydrophilic excipients in digital light processing (DLP) printing of sustained release tablets: Impact on internal structure and drug dissolution rate

Cited by 55 publications

References 43 publications

3D-Printed Ceramic Bone Scaffolds with Variable Pore Architectures

3D-Printed Ceramic Bone Scaffolds with Variable Pore Architectures

Polymers for Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of Pharmaceuticals: A Holistic Materials–Process Perspective

Printability of External and Internal Structures Based on Digital Light Processing 3D Printing Technique

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