Hydroperoxides in the marine troposphere over the Atlantic Ocean

Šlemr, F.; Tremmel, H. G.

doi:10.1007/bf00694493

Cited by 59 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…4), the model tends to reproduce trace gas levels over the South Atlantic. The measured H 2 O 2 mixing ratios are comparable to previously reported observations south of 35 • S in the Atlantic lower troposphere, being approximately 200-300 pptv (Slemr and Tremmel, 1994;Junkerman and Stockwell, 1999;Weller et al, 2000).…”

Section: Data Processingsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Taking into account that observed O x measurements are affected by background NO 2 , the agreement between observations and model results is quite satisfactory. Observations and model results are in good agreement with observations by Helmig et al (2012) (Slemr and Tremmel, 1994), October-November 1994 (Junkermann andStockwell, 1999) and March 1999 (Jacobi and Schrems, 1999). As discussed in Lelieveld et al (2004) Time series of measured and simulated H 2 O 2 are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Data Processingsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…boundary layer have been reported in the literature (Junkermann and Stockwell, 1999;Weller et al, 2000;Kieber et al, 2001;O'Sullivan et al, 2004;Chang et al, 2004;Stickler et al, 2007). These observations indicate highest mixing ratios (> 500 pptv) of H 2 O 2 in the tropics (Slemr and Tremmel, 1994;Heikes et al, 1996;O'Sullivan et al, 1999O'Sullivan et al, , 2004Junkermann and Stockwell, 1999;Weller et al, 2000) and decreasing concentrations toward higher latitudes in both hemispheres, reaching 200-300 pptv south of 40 • in the Southern Hemisphere (Slemr and Tremmel, 1994;O'Sullivan et al, 1999O'Sullivan et al, , 2004Junkermann and Stockwell, 1999;Weller et al, 2000). In general mixing ratios are about a factor of 2 higher in the Northern Hemisphere than at corresponding latitudes in the south (O'Sullivan et al, 1999).…”

Section: Since This Review Additional Observations In the Marinesupporting

confidence: 58%

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Hydrogen peroxide in the marine boundary layer over the South Atlantic during the OOMPH cruise in March 2007

et al. 2015

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Abstract. In the OOMPH (Ocean OrganicsModifyingIn situ measurements of hydrogen peroxide, methylhydroperoxide and ozone were performed and are compared to simulations with the atmospheric chemistry global circulation model EMAC (ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry). The model generally reproduces the measured trace gas levels, but it underestimates hydrogen peroxide mixing ratios at high wind speeds, indicating too-strong dry deposition to the ocean surface. An interesting feature during the cruise is a strong increase of hydrogen peroxide, methylhydroperoxide and ozone shortly after midnight off the west coast of Africa due to an increase in the boundary layer height, leading to downward transport from the free troposphere, which is qualitatively reproduced by the model.

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Section: Data Processingsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Data Processingsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Since This Review Additional Observations In the Marinesupporting

confidence: 58%

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Hydrogen peroxide in the marine boundary layer over the South Atlantic during the OOMPH cruise in March 2007

et al. 2015

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“…The mixing ratios of peroxides generally decrease with increasing latitude, which can at least partially be explained by decreasing water vapour and lower zenith angles, resulting in a reduced solar radition flux (Jacob and Klockow, 1992;Perros, 1993;Slemr and Tremmel, 1994;Snow et al, 2003Snow et al, , 2007. A similar latitudinal behaviour can be expected for HCHO, which was indeed found in the marine boundary layer (Arlander et al, 1995;Weller et al, 2000;Fried et al, 2002Fried et al, , 2003a but is less pronounced in the upper troposphere (Dufour et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Distribution of hydrogen peroxide and formaldehyde over Central Europe during the HOOVER project

et al. 2011

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Abstract. In this study we report measurements of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), methyl hydroperoxide* (MHP* as a proxy of MHP based on an unspecific measurement of total organic peroxides) and formaldehyde (HCHO) from the HO x OVer EuRope (HOOVER) project (HO x = OH+HO 2 ). HOOVER included two airborne field campaigns, in October 2006 and July 2007. Measurement flights were conducted from the base of operation Hohn (Germany, 54 • N, 9 • E) towards the Mediterranean and to the subpolar regions over Norway. We find negative concentration gradients with increasing latitude throughout the troposphere for H 2 O 2 and CH 3 OOH * . In contrast, observed HCHO is almost homogeneously distributed over central and northern Europe and is elevated over the Mediterranean. In general, the measured gradients tend to be steepest entering the Mediterranean region, where we also find the highest abundances of the 3 species. Mixing ratios of these tracers generally decrease with altitude. H 2 O 2 and CH 3 OOH * show maxima above the boundary layer at 2-5 km, being more distinct over southern than over northern Europe.We also present a comparison of our data with simulations by two global 3-D-models, MATCH-MPIC and EMAC, and with the box model CAABA. The models realistically represent altitude and latitude gradients for both HCHO and hydroperoxides (ROOH). In contrast, the models have problems reproducing the absolute mixing ratios, in particular of H 2 O 2 . Large uncertainties about retention coefficients and Correspondence to: H. Fischer (horst.fischer@mpic.de) cloud microphysical parameters suggest that cloud scavenging might be a large source of error for the simulation of H 2 O 2 . A sensitivity study with EMAC shows a strong influence of cloud and precipitation scavenging on the budget of H 2 O 2 as simulations improve significantly with this effect switched off.

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“…Ayers et al, 1992;Gnauk et al, 1997) or ship-borne measurements (e.g. Slemr and Tremmel, 1994) within the troposphere.…”

Section: Hydrogen Peroxide Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global stratospheric hydrogen peroxide distribution from MIPAS-Envisat full resolution spectra compared to KASIMA model results

et al. 2012

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Abstract. MIPAS-ENVISAT full resolution spectra were analyzed to obtain a global distribution of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in the stratosphere. H 2 O 2 acts as reservoir gas for the HO x family (= H+OH+HO 2 ) and thus, observations of H 2 O 2 provide a better understanding of the HO x chemistry in the atmosphere. A retrieval approach based on constrained least squares fitting was developed and applied to small dedicated spectral analysis windows with maximum H 2 O 2 information and minimum contribution of interfering gases. Due to a low signal to noise ratio in the measured spectra single profiles cannot be used for scientific interpretation and about 100 profiles have to be averaged temporally or spatially. Our retrievals of H 2 O 2 from MIPAS measurements provide meaningful results between approximately 20 and 60 km. A possible impact by the high uncertainty of the reaction rate constant for HO 2 + HO 2 →H 2 O 2 + O 2 in our 3D-CTM KASIMA is discussed. We find best agreement between model and observations for applying rate constants according to Christensen et al. (2002), however, a mismatch in vertical profile shape remains. The observations were compared to the model results of KASIMA focusing on low to mid latitudes. Good agreement in spatial distribution and in temporal evolution was found. Highest vmr of H 2 O 2 in the stratosphere were observed and modeled in low latitudes shortly after equinox at about 30 km. The modelled diurnal cycle with lowest vmr shortly after sunrise and highest vmr in the afternoon is confirmed by the MIPAS observations.

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Hydroperoxides in the marine troposphere over the Atlantic Ocean

Cited by 59 publications

References 61 publications

Hydrogen peroxide in the marine boundary layer over the South Atlantic during the OOMPH cruise in March 2007

Hydrogen peroxide in the marine boundary layer over the South Atlantic during the OOMPH cruise in March 2007

Distribution of hydrogen peroxide and formaldehyde over Central Europe during the HOOVER project

Global stratospheric hydrogen peroxide distribution from MIPAS-Envisat full resolution spectra compared to KASIMA model results

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