“…2). 70,71 Before diagnosing locally advanced malignancy, other causes of hydronephrosis must be excluded, including prostate cancer, 72 prior pelvic or retroperitoneal surgery, 73 benign retroperitoneal fibrosis, 74 and pseudohydronephrosis because of renal cachexia in patients receiving chemotherapy. 70,71 Before diagnosing locally advanced malignancy, other causes of hydronephrosis must be excluded, including prostate cancer, 72 prior pelvic or retroperitoneal surgery, 73 benign retroperitoneal fibrosis, 74 and pseudohydronephrosis because of renal cachexia in patients receiving chemotherapy.…”