Hydrometeorology and hydrology of flooding in Cape Fear River basin during Hurricane Florence in 2018

Understanding the role of initial soil moisture and precipitation magnitude in flood forecast using a hydrometeorological modelling system

“…We attribute this difference to the influence of precipitation magnitude on the modulating effect of soil moisture on flood peak. During Florence, 269 and 411 mm rainfall fell over the Little River subbasin and the Black River subbasin, respectively, which is much larger than the 122 mm rainfall over the Haw River subbasin (Yin et al, 2021). In addition, according to our model results, the basin and column averaged initial soil moisture in the former two subbasins are 26.5% and 22.7%, respectively, which is much lower than that of the Haw River subbasin (29.6%).…”

“…While in “one‐way coupled” mode, WRF‐Hydro can be driven by outputs from an atmospheric model such as WRF (UCAR, 2019). Both offline (e.g., Somos‐Valenzuela & Palmer, 2018; Xue et al, 2018; Yin et al, 2020, 2021) and one‐way coupled (e.g., Kerandi et al, 2018; Li et al, 2017; Senatore, Davolio, et al, 2020; Senatore, Furnari, & Mendicino, 2020) WRF‐Hydro have been successfully applied in hydroclimatic change, flooding and water budget studies. In operation, WRF‐Hydro serves as the core component of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Water Model (NOAA NWM) in the United States, and of the Operational Flood Forecasting system operated by Israeli Hydrological Service in Israel.…”

“…While in "one-way coupled" mode, WRF-Hydro can be driven by outputs from an atmospheric model such as WRF (UCAR, 2019). Both offline (e.g., Somos-Valenzuela & Palmer, 2018;Xue et al, 2018;Yin et al, 2020Yin et al, , 2021 and one-way coupled (e.g., Kerandi et al, 2018;Li et al, 2017;Senatore, Davolio, et al, 2020; As the first step of our study, WRF-Hydro was calibrated and evaluated in the offline mode and was driven by precipitation regridded from the Stage IV multi-sensor quantitative precipitation estimation product (Stage IV, Lin, 2011). Based on the multi-sensor hourly/6-hourly 'Stage III' analyses that were produced by the 12 River Forecast Centers (RFC) in CONUS on local 4 km polarstereographic grids, Stage IV is mosaiced by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) as a national product (Lin, 2011).…”

A Numerical Investigation of Hurricane Florence‐Induced Compound Flooding in the Cape Fear Estuary Using a Dynamically Coupled Hydrological‐Ocean Model

“…The smoothed water level time series show good agreement with the gage record with a coefficient of determination (R 2 ) value higher than 0.80 at all three stations. We notice that model-simulated streamflow peaks are ahead of the observed peaks at the three stations which can be caused by the uncertainties from precipitation forcing (Yin et al, 2021). The model underestimates peak level in the main stem of the Cape Fear River (02105769) and the Northeast Cape Fear River (02108566) while overestimating the peak level in the Black River (02106500).…”

A multi-decadal analysis of river discharge and suspended sediment load in three Texas coastal rivers in relation to hurricanes, seasonal rainfall, and ENSO

“…Figure 10 shows the accumulative rainfall associated with Hurricane Harvey 1), Hurricane Ike 2) and tropical storm Allison 3). The data used to generate the map is from the Phase two of the North American Land Data Assimilation System, which has been used by researchers to investigate hurricane induced flooding (e.g., Villarini et al, 2011;Yin et al, 2021). Here, we focused mainly on the coastal area where the hurricanes dropped most of rainfall.…”