Hydrometeorological assessments and suspended sediment delivery from a central Himalayan glacier in the upper Ganga basin

Kumar, Amit; Verma, Akshaya; Gokhale, Anupam Anand; Bhambri, Rakesh; Misra, Anshuman; Sundriyal, Shipika; Dobhal, D. P.; Kishore, Naval

doi:10.1016/j.ijsrc.2018.03.004

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…1. The meteorological features of different central Himalayan Glaciers are described elsewhere [22]. The monsoonal time mean temperatures were found to range between 2.5 and 9.5 °C in different glaciers over the region.…”

Section: Sample Collection and Datamentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The relative humidity varied between 68 and 91% during monsoon seasons, and the wind speed was 2.3 to 10 km/h over the region. Thermally driven valley wind system was found to influence the intensity of winds and transport of pollutants over the region [22]. The sample collection of ice and snow was carried out on September 24 and 26 and October 1, 2016, in three different locations over the glacier.…”

Section: Sample Collection and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical composition and isotopic signatures of ice and snow over a Himalayan Glacier (Satopanth) in India

et al. 2019

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This study reports the chemical composition and isotopic signatures of snow and ice over a Himalayan Glacier in India. An observational campaign was carried out from September 22, 2016, to October 2, 2016, over Satopanth in central Himalaya. The pH value of ice and snow, respectively, was 5.6 ± 0.4 and 5.9 ± 0.35 over the glacier, indicating moderate acidity of the glacier components. Calcium (Ca 2+ ) was the dominant component in snow (35.2%), while sulfate (SO 4 2− ) was dominant in ice samples (52.7%). The neutralization factor was estimated to find the extent of neutralization of acidic fractions by basic components. It is found that Ca 2+ was the prominent neutralizing factor both in snow and ice over the region. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic analyses of snow, surface layer ice and debris-covered ice suggest that the moisture source is common for all three components. δD and d-excess values of snow at Satopanth are different than that of those for Chorabari, Dokriani and Tiprabank Glacier, indicating the plausibility of different sources of moisture for these glaciers. Limited observations suggest that the interaction of ice with the debris has no impact on the isotopic signatures of the ice over the region; such non-alteration of isotopic signatures makes the region important for ice corebased paleoclimatic studies.

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Section: Sample Collection and Datamentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Sample Collection and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition and isotopic signatures of ice and snow over a Himalayan Glacier (Satopanth) in India

et al. 2019

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“…In addition, the sediment concentration was primarily related to discharge and temperature, and the sediment yield was 411 t•km −2 •year −1 at Shaune Garang basin [36]. The Karakoram and western Himalayan glaciers produced lower sediment yields than the central Himalayan glaciers, and the hydro meteorological conditions and sediment delivery for Chorabari Glacier provided insight on the meltwater generation processes and sediment transport patterns during the Indian monsoon seasons [37]. Glacier retreat may lead to the occurrence of debris flows, which is closely related to increasing meltwater, degraded moraine, loose sediments and continuous rainfall, and should be investigated intensively in the Himalaya regions [38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intense Chemical Weathering at Glacial Meltwater-Dominated Hailuogou Basin in the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau

Ding

et al. 2019

Water

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Climate warming has caused rapid shrinkage of glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau (TP), but the impact of glacier retreat on the chemical denudation rate remains largely unknown at the temperate glacial basins. The chemical weathering processes were examined at a temperate glacial basin (HLG) in the southeastern TP based on comprehensive data from the supraglacial meltwater, proglacial river water, precipitation and groundwater over two glacier melt seasons in 2008 and 2013. The concentrations of major ions and suspended sediments in river water exhibit a pronounced seasonality and display a close relationship with river discharge, suggesting a strong hydrological control on the chemical and physical weathering processes. Runoff chemistry is dominated by carbonate weathering and sulfide oxidation. HCO3−, Ca2+, and/or SO42− are the dominant ions in meltwater, river water, precipitation and groundwater. For river water, HCO3− and Ca2+ primarily come from calcite weathering, and SO42− is mainly derived from pyrite oxidation. Both solute and sediment fluxes are positively related to river discharge (r = 0.69, p < 0.01 for sediments). The solute flux and yields are 18,095–19,435 t·year−1 and 225–241 t·km−2·year−1, and the sediment load and yields are 126,390 t·year−1 and 1570 t·km−2·year−1, respectively. The solute yields, cationic denudation rate (CDR; 2850–3108 Σ*meq+ m−2·year−1) and chemical weathering intensity (CWI; 616–711 Σ*meq+ m−3·year−1) at HLG are higher than those at most basins irrespective of the lithology, suggesting more intense weathering in the TP in comparison to other glacial basins worldwide.

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“…However, few studies delve into the relationship of transport processes with hydro-meteorological drivers, which are especially relevant in mountainous environments (e.g. Micheletti and Lane, 2016;Lane et al, 2017;Kumar et al, 2018;Rainato et al, 2018;Vercruysse and Grabowski, 2019). In these areas, the dynamics of suspended sediment are greatly influenced by the torrential nature of rainfall, snow cycles and high local atmospheric and topographic gradients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydro‐meteorological drivers influencing suspended sediment transport and yield in a semi‐arid mountainous basin

Millares

Moñino

2020

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Understanding erosion and sediment transport dynamics is key for sustainable water resources management. The objective of this research was to assess suspended sediment responses, identifying relationships with hydro‐meteorological drivers, sediment sources and connectivity in a mountainous semi‐arid basin. With this purpose, suspended sediment concentrations of 12 events were measured by automatic sampling and classified based on six descriptors of hydro‐meteorological drivers, their related rating curves and hysteresis loop behaviour, and distribution of precipitation, snowfall and snowmelt. Comparison with sediment transport and yield along the river, previously reported, was also performed. The results allowed us to distinguish up to three types of events with different erosive responses, comparable with other Mediterranean environments and snowmelt‐driven basins. Events classified as type I and II were closely linked to snow processes. Those classified as type III presented higher sediment yield and negligible influence of snow processes. The analysis of rating curves and hysteresis loops confirmed the identified transport responses. Type I and II events, with clockwise behaviour, were related to in‐channel sediment storage. Type III events, with predominantly counter‐clockwise behaviour, were related to hillslope erosion processes of gullying and landslides. The sediment connectivity analysed highlights the role of vegetation cover and land uses, and its sensitivity in high mountainous environments, which fits with the observed sediment transport at the study site. The volume of sediment trapped in the bottomset area of a reservoir downstream was related to type I events (more frequent and of greater magnitude). However, spatial distribution and frequency of type III events are likely to become more relevant under future climate scenarios due to their high sensitivity to hydro‐meteorological drivers. These results highlight the vulnerability of high mountainous areas on erosive dynamics and justify long‐term monitoring as hotspots of future challenge for water resource management. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Hydrometeorological assessments and suspended sediment delivery from a central Himalayan glacier in the upper Ganga basin

Cited by 30 publications

References 56 publications

Chemical composition and isotopic signatures of ice and snow over a Himalayan Glacier (Satopanth) in India

Chemical composition and isotopic signatures of ice and snow over a Himalayan Glacier (Satopanth) in India

Intense Chemical Weathering at Glacial Meltwater-Dominated Hailuogou Basin in the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau

Hydro‐meteorological drivers influencing suspended sediment transport and yield in a semi‐arid mountainous basin

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