Hydrometallurgical recovery process for nickel-cadmium spent batteries

Bartolozzi, M.; Braccini, Gaetano; Bonvini, Stefania; Marconi, Pier Filippo

doi:10.1016/0378-7753(95)02180-o

Cited by 52 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The traditional techniques to recover these batteries are mainly pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes which have some limitations [1,2]. Pyrometallurgical processes are not easy to control, not flexible and high energy-consumers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioleaching of spent Ni–Cd batteries by continuous flow system: Effect of hydraulic retention time and process load

Zhao

Yang

Zhu

2008

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioleaching of spent Ni–Cd batteries by continuous flow system: Effect of hydraulic retention time and process load

Zhao

Yang

Zhu

2008

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…The metallic scraps in batteries can be recovered by different recycling processes, such as mineral processing techniques (Tenório and Espinosa, 2002) and pyrometallurgical (Ammann, 1995;Jordi, 1995) or hydrometallugical treatments (Bartolozzi et al, 1995;Raghavan et al, 2000;Rudnik and Nikiel, 2007;Zhang et al, 1998). The products of these spent battery recycling processes are metallic alloys or compounds, or solutions containing abundant metal ions (Bernardes et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of spent nickel–metal hydride batteries and a preliminary economic evaluation of the recovery processes

Lin

Huang

Wang

et al. 2015

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Valuable metal materials can be recovered from spent nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries. However, little attention has been paid to the metal compositions of individual components of NiMH batteries, although this is important for the selection of the appropriate recycling process. In this study, NiMH batteries were manually disassembled to identify the components and to characterize the metals in each of these. A preliminary economic analysis was also conducted to evaluate the recovery of valuable metals from spent NiMH batteries using thermal melting versus simple mechanical separation. The results of this study show that metallic components account for more than 60% of battery weight. The contents of Ni, Fe, Co, and rare earth elements (REEs) (i.e., valuable metals of interest for recovery) in a single battery were 17.9%, 15.4%, 4.41%, and 17.3%, respectively. Most of the Fe was in the battery components of the steel cathode collector, cathode cap, and anode metal grid, while Ni (>90%) and Co (>90%) were mainly in the electrode active materials (anode and cathode metal powders). About 1.88 g of REEs (Ce, La, and Y) could be obtained from one spent NiMH battery. The estimated profits from recovering valuable metals from spent NiMH batteries by using thermal melting and mechanical processes are 2,329 and 2,531 USD/ton, respectively, when including a subsidy of 1,710 USD/ton. The findings of this study are very useful for further research related to technical and economic evaluations of the recovery of valuable metals from spent NiMH batteries.Implications: The spent nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries were manually disassembled and their components were identified. The metals account for more than 60% of battery weight, when Ni, Fe, Co, and rare earth elements (REEs) were 17.9%, 15.4%, 4.41%, and 17.3%, respectively, in a single battery. The estimated profits of recovering valuable metals from NiMH batteries by using thermal melting and mechanical processing are 2,329 and 2,531 USD/ton, respectively, when including a subsidy of 1,710 USD/ton. These findings are very useful to develop or select the recovery methods of valuable metals from spent NiMH batteries.PAPER HISTORY

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“…The traditional techniques to treat and recover them are mainly the pyrometallurgical process, hydrometallurgical process or the combination of the two processes [1,2]. But these processes are not easy to control, not versatile, high energy-consuming and prone to bringing secondary pollution [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioleaching of spent Ni-Cd batteries and phylogenetic analysis of an acidophilic strain in acidified sludge

Wang

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2007

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng. China

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Biohydrometallurgy is a novel method to recycle discarded batteries, in which sewage sludge is used as microorganisms and culture due to the presence of indigenous Thiobacilli. A two-step continuous flow leaching system consisting of an acidifying reactor and a leaching reactor was introduced to achieve the bioleaching of spent nickelcadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries. The acid supernatant produced in the acidifying reactor by the microorganisms with ferrous ions as the substrate was conducted into the leaching reactor to dissolve electrode materials. The efficiency of a batch treatment of batteries was examined. The results showed that the complete dissolution of two AA-sized Ni-Cd batteries with 0.6 L/d acid supernatant took about 30, 20, and 35 days for Ni, Cd, and Co, respectively. But the dissolution ability of the three metals was different. Cd and Co can be leached mostly for pH below 4.0 while the complete dissolution of Ni can be achieved for pH below 2.5. Meanwhile, a strain (named Thiooxidans. WL) accounting for the reduction of pH in the acidified sludge was isolated and sequenced. It was identified to be 100% similar to Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain Tf-49 based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The relevant phylogenetic tree constructed indicates that the strain should be classified into genus Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans.

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Hydrometallurgical recovery process for nickel-cadmium spent batteries

Cited by 52 publications

References 4 publications

Bioleaching of spent Ni–Cd batteries by continuous flow system: Effect of hydraulic retention time and process load

Bioleaching of spent Ni–Cd batteries by continuous flow system: Effect of hydraulic retention time and process load

Characterization of spent nickel–metal hydride batteries and a preliminary economic evaluation of the recovery processes

Bioleaching of spent Ni-Cd batteries and phylogenetic analysis of an acidophilic strain in acidified sludge

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