Hydrometallurgical recovery of spent cobalt-based lithium-ion battery cathodes using ethanol as the reducing agent

Zhao, Jingjing; Zhang, Beilei; Xie, Hongwei; Qu, Jiakang; Qu, Xin; Xing, Pengfei; Yin, Huayi

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.108803

Cited by 85 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…To demonstrate the high loading capabilities for leaching via the adapted EG‐based method, the results obtained were contrasted with the state‐of‐the‐art works that studied leaching of LIB materials. [ 15,33–41 ] Figure shows the leaching efficiencies for Co and Li (the most difficult to leach elements) at optimal loadings compared with several works that leached either LCO, NMC, or a mixture of various cathode chemistries. Our work demonstrated a high leaching efficiency at significantly higher loadings whereas some other works despite achieving high leaching efficiencies were limited by the loading that can be utilized.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparison of leaching efficiencies of Co and Li between prior works and this work. a) Jha M. K. et al, [ 33 ] b) Sun L. et al, [ 34 ] c) Zhu S. et al, [ 35 ] d) Wang R. C. et al, [ 36 ] e) Fu Y. et al, [ 37 ] f) Zhao J. et al, [ 38 ] g) Meshram P. et al, [ 15 ] h) Gao W. F. et al, [ 39 ] i) Chen X. P. et al, [ 40 ] j) Vieceli N. et al [ 41 ] …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Boosting the Recycling Efficiency of Spent Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathodes Using a Green Reductant

Rose

Gao

et al. 2021

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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One major bottleneck of today's industrial hydrometallurgical lithium‐ion battery recycling processes is the limited operation efficiency, particularly for leaching Co, Li, and Ni elements. Boosting the leaching rate and solid to liquid (S/L) ratio can increase the productivity and yield of recycled materials, which can save chemicals and energy cost. Herein, the use of ethylene glycol (EG), a green and sustainable reducing agent, for the separation of spent cathode materials resulting in high leaching efficiencies for very high loadings is demonstrated. The dramatically improved leaching efficiency is attributed to the EG reducing moieties that enable better cathode reduction and dissolution. The separation process avoids the use of toxic organic solvents, making the overall leaching process greener. The leaching efficiency is shown to remain high despite the use of high loadings as compared to the state‐of‐the‐art works. The cathode separation process is then modified to allow for a facile separation of a cathode and anode mixture. This mixture is demonstrated to attain high leaching efficiencies at comparable loadings for cathode‐only process. This redox leaching‐based recovery process holds a potential for industry adoption due to the elimination of energy‐intensive pretreatment step and the high efficiencies obtained.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting the Recycling Efficiency of Spent Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathodes Using a Green Reductant

Rose

Gao

et al. 2021

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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“…Recycling and regeneration technologies of spent LIBs can be divided into three steps (Joulié et al, 2014;Sa et al, 2015;Zhao et al, 2020): (1) Pretreatment, composed by two processes of primary and secondary processes (Yang et al, 2015). (2) Recycling of electrode materials, including hydrometallurgical, pyrometallurgical, and biological metallurgical methods, or their coupled methods (Nirmale et al, 2017;Winslow et al, 2018).…”

Section: Recycling and Regeneration Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery and Regeneration of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries From New Energy Vehicles

Zhao

et al. 2020

Front. Chem.

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It is of great economic, environmental and social benefit to discover harmless treatment and resource utilization options for spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which contain a large proportion of valuable metal elements (e.g., Li, Ni, Co, Mn, Cu, and Al) and poisonous chemicals (e.g., lithium hexafluorophosphate and polyvinylidene fluoride). The present work summarized the leading technologies and hot issues in the disposal of spent LIBs from new energy vehicles. Moreover, development of the trend of innovative technologies for the recycling of spent LIBs is recommended.

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“…The reductant is critical in the leaching process to promote solubility of Co by reducing insoluble Co 3+ in the spent LIB cathode (LiCoO 2 ) into soluble Co 2+ (1). Inorganic reductants suggested so far include bisulfite [23], sodium sulfite [24], and divalent iron [25], while organic reductants recommended were glucose [26], ascorbic acid [27], and ethanol [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tannic acid as a novel and green leaching reagent for cobalt and lithium recycling from spent lithium-ion batteries

Prasetyo

Muryanta

Anggraini

et al. 2022

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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Tannic acid–acetic acid is proposed as novel and green chemicals for cobalt and lithium recycling from spent lithium-ion batteries through a leaching process. The synergism of both acids was documented through batch and continuous studies. Tannic acid promotes cobalt dissolution by reducing insoluble Co3+ into soluble Co2+, while acetic acid is critical to improve the dissolution and stabilize the metals in the pregnant leach solution. Based on batch studies, the optimum conditions for metal recovery at room temperature are acetic acid 1 M, tannic acid 20 g/L, pulp density 20 g/L, and stirring speed 250 rpm (94% cobalt and 99% lithium recovery). The kinetic study shows that increasing temperature to 80 °C improves cobalt and lithium recovery from 65 to 90% (cobalt) and from 80 to 99% (lithium) within 4 h at sub-optimum condition (tannic acid 10 g/L). Kinetic modeling suggests the leaching process was endothermic, and high activation energy indicates a surface chemical process. For other metals, the pattern of manganese and nickel recovery trend follows the cobalt recovery trend. Copper recovery was negatively affected by tannic acid. Iron recovery was limited due to the weak acidic condition of pregnant leach solution, which is beneficial to improve leaching selectivity.

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Hydrometallurgical recovery of spent cobalt-based lithium-ion battery cathodes using ethanol as the reducing agent

Cited by 85 publications

References 45 publications

Boosting the Recycling Efficiency of Spent Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathodes Using a Green Reductant

Boosting the Recycling Efficiency of Spent Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathodes Using a Green Reductant

Recovery and Regeneration of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries From New Energy Vehicles

Tannic acid as a novel and green leaching reagent for cobalt and lithium recycling from spent lithium-ion batteries

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