Hydrolyzed Olive Vegetation Water in Mice Has Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Abstract

Fruit and vegetable simple and polyphenols are potent antioxidants. One of the most effective in terms of free radical scavenging is 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl ethanol or hydroxytyrosol (HT), a simple phenol found predominantly in Olea europea, or the olive plant. HT is most abundant in the aqueous fraction of olive pulp with trace amounts in the olive oil fraction and in the leaves. For these experiments, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of olive vegetation water (OVW), which we showed previously to have potent antioxidant activity. Because some simple phenols and polyphenols with antioxidant activity have shown varying anti-inflammatory activities, we tested OVW and HT for their ability to inhibit the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a pivotal cytokine in inflammation. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated BALB/c mice, a model system of inflammation, OVW at a dose of 125 mg/mouse (500 mg/kg) reduced serum TNF-alpha levels by 95%. In the human monocyte cell line, THP-1, OVW reduced LPS-induced TNF-alpha production by 50% at a concentration of 0.5 g/L (equivalent to approximately 0.03 g/L simple and polyphenols). OVW had no toxic effects in vitro or in vivo. When OVW was combined with glucosamine, a component of proteoglycans and glycoproteins that was shown to decrease inducible nitric oxide synthase production in cultured macrophage cells, the 2 compounds acted synergistically to reduce serum TNF-alpha levels in LPS-treated mice. These findings suggest that a combination of OVW and glucosamine may be an effective therapy for a variety of inflammatory processes, including rheumatoid and osteoarthritis.

Tetrandrine Inhibits Proinflammatory Cytokines, iNOS and COX-2 Expression in Human Monocytic Cells

“…Inflammation is a complex process, which involves numerous mediators of cellular and plasma origins. Studies indicated that b-amyloid peptides 16) and hydrolyzed olive vegetation water 17) exhibited anti-inflammatory activities in human THP-1 cells. In this study, we showed that TET possessed potent anti-inflammatory activity on the same cells.…”

Naturally Occurring Hydroxytyrosol: Synthesis and Anticancer Potential

“…Bitler et al [11] found that olive vegetation water highly enriched in HTyr (125 mg/mouse; 500 mg/kg) reduced serum TNF levels by 95% in LPS-treated mice. Gong et al [130] studied rats with acute inflammation induced by intravenous injection of carrageenan at 2% (w/v).…”

“…Among biophenols, one of the most interesting is HTyr that has been widely studied demonstrating its numerous biological properties. This small molecule is a potent inhibitor of copper sulfateinduced LDL oxidation and of platelet aggregation (potentially reducing the risk of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis) [4], acts as antioxidant and metal chelator in animal models [5], scavenges superoxide anion (O 2 .-) generated by either human polymorphonuclear cells or the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system [6], inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in HL-60 leukemia cells [7], prevents DNA damage and tyrosine nitration induced by peroxynitrite [8], protects toward hydrogen-peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-induced damage in human erythrocytes [9], inhibits passive smoking-induced *Address correspondence to these authors at the Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie per l'Agricoltura, le Foreste, la Natura e l'Energia (DAFNE) oxidative stress [10], exhibits anti-inflammatory activity [11], exerts anti-microbial and anti-mycoplasmal activity [12].…”

Nutrigenomics and Atherosclerosis: The Postprandial and Long-Term Effects of Virgin Olive Oil Ingestion

“…Proinflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins and NO, which are produced by monocytes and activated macrophages, play critical roles in inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. VOO and hydrolysed olive vegetation water (Bitler et al, 2005) exhibit anti-inflammatory activities in the human monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1). Previous studies have shown that, HT down-regulates iNOS and COX-2 gene expression in THP-1 cells (Zhang et al, 2009) and in murine macrophages by preventing NF-kB, STAT-1alpha (signal transducer and activator of transcription-1) and IRF-1 (interferon regulatory factor-1) activation (Maiuri et al, 2005).…”