Hydrolyzable tannins from the fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities

Huang

et al. 2019

Phytochemical Analysis

Introduction Potentilla kleiniana Wight et Arn is widely used as a herbal medicine to treat type 2 diabetes. However, detailed information about its active compounds is lacking. Objective To develop an efficient method for the rapid screening and separation of α‐glucosidase inhibitors from Potentilla kleiniana Wight et Arn. Methodology Potential α‐glucosidase inhibitors from Potentilla kleiniana Wight et Arn were rapidly screened out through ultrafiltration high‐performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS), and then followed by a target‐guided high‐speed counter‐current chromatography (HSCCC) separation using two‐phase solvent systems composed of n‐hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (1:10:1:10, v/v/v/v and 1:10:5:6, v/v/v/v), and adopting increasing flow‐rate from 1.5 to 3.0 mL/min after 200 min. Their structures were identified by ultraviolet (UV), MS, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) and carbon‐13 (13C)‐NMR, and their α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities were assessed by in vitro assay. Results Five α‐glucosidase inhibitors including gallic acid (25.7 mg, 98.2%, 1), brevifolincarboxylic acid (9.86 mg, 95.3%, 2), ethyl evifolincarboxylate (13.26 mg, 97.6%, 3), 3,3′‐di‐O‐methylellagic acid‐4′‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (16.26 mg, 95.1%, 4), and 3,3′‐di‐O‐methylellagic acid (10.54 mg, 96.8%, 5) were successfully purified from 250 mg n‐butanol extract in a single run. Compounds 1, 2, 4 and 5 exhibited stronger α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities[half maximal inhibition concentration (IC50) values at 173.41 ± 6.35, 323.46 ± 8.08, 44.63 ± 2.50, and 20.73 ± 2.56 μM, respectively] than acarbose (IC50 value at 332.12 ± 5.52 μM, reference compound). Conclusions Notably, compounds 2–5 were reported in the Potentilla kleiniana Wight et Arn for the first time. The results indicated that the proposed method could be applied for the rapid screening and preparative separation of α‐glucosidase inhibitors from a complex matrix.

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…We then examined the α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of all isolated compounds (Table 1), the results indicated that our data were in agreement with that of compound 1 (gallic acid) and compound 2 (brevifolincarboxylic acid) reported in the literatures. 26,27 As can be from…”

Section: Evaluation Of α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity Of Compounmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of α‐glucosidase inhibitors from Potentilla kleiniana Wight et Arn using solvent and flow‐rate gradient high‐speed counter‐current chromatography target‐guided by ultrafiltration HPLC‐MS screening

Huang

et al. 2019

Phytochemical Analysis

“…), called the "King of Medicines" in Tibet, belongs to the family Combretaceae and is one of the most important medicinal plants used in medicines of Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathy [89]. It contains compounds such as triterpene sarjunglucoside 1, arjungenin and the chebulosides 1 and 2, tannins, chebulic acid, chebulinic acid, tannic acid, ellagic acid, 2,4-chebulyi-β-D-glucopyranose, gallic acid, ethyl gallate, punicalaginterflavin A, terchebin.…”

Section: Terminalia Chebulamentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbal Medicines as Neuroprotective Agent: A Mechanistic Approach

Roy

Awasthi

2017

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

Neurodegeneration refers to a condition of neuronal death occurring as a result of progressive disease of long-term and is becoming a major health problem in the 21st century. Neurons degenerated are not replaced resulting in a cognitive loss, many neurodegenerative disorders, such as schizophrenia, depression, Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia, cerebrovascular impairment, seizure disorders, head injury, parkinsonism. The common pathology of neurodegeneration includes deposition of misfolded proteins such as amyloid-β (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease, α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease (PD), transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in dementia. Neuroprotection refers to the strategies and possible mechanisms that are able to protect the central nervous system (CNS) against neuronal injury and neurodegenerative disorders. The past decade has witnessed an intense interest in herbal plants having long-term health-promoting or medicinal qualities. Comprehensive research and discovery have demonstrated that natural products, medicinal herbs, plant extracts, and their metabolites, have great potential as the neuroprotective agent. Although the precise mechanisms of action of herbal drugs have yet to be determined, some of them have been shown to prevent formation of betaamyloid plaques, promote nerve growth, some inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme and malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in brain while other exhibits antioxidant activity by increasing the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Thus the herbal plants can be a valuable source of the drug against neurodegenerative disorders which will require high-throughput screening. This review will highlight the role of herbal plants and their phytoconstituents against neurodegenerative diseases and other related disorders, focusing on their mechanism of action and therapeutic potential.

“…Immature seeds of T. chebula are used in the development of therapies for managing rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases and have shown cardioprotective effect (Lee et al, 2005;Suchalatha and Shyamala, 2004). The influence of T. chebula on Alzheimer's disease, larvicidal, ovicidal, antidiabetic activity and protective effect against seizures has also been reported (Afshari et al, 2016;Veni et al, 2017;Lee et al, 2017;Kumar et al, 2018). Further, recently it has been found that hydrolysable tannins and related compounds from T. chebula could be used as potential treatment for dementia (Kim et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Biochemical characterization of somatic embryogenesis and genetic transformation studies in Terminalia chebula Retz.: An immensely valuable medicinal tree

Anjaneyulu¹,

Giri²

2018

The present commu nication reports a stu dy involving Te rminalia c heb ula Retz., with the elucidation of biochemical changes tha t occur du ring soma tic embryogenesis and genetic transformation promise in this important slow growing valuable medicinal tree. T. chebula is an economically important plant, used in ayurvedic, unani medicine, and raw material for tanning industry. Callus induction, growth and somatic embryogenesis induction process was exploited for biochemical and genetic transformation studies in T. chebula. Biochemical analysis of proteins associated with somatic embryogenesis was studied and compared with mature zygotic embryo specific proteins using SDS-PAGE. SDS-PAGE protein profile analysis revealed precise association of proteins such as 21, 24, 30, 42, 52, and 85 kDs with induction of somatic embryogenesis compared to their absence in non-embryogenic callus. Some proteins such as 16, 22, 25, 29, 31, 55, 68, 80, 125 kDs were common both in non-embryogenic callus and embryogenic callus across different developmental stages. A comparative study of embryo specific proteins in somatic embryos and zygotic embryos also revealed that the proteins such as 21, 24, 30, 42, 52, 85 kDs were specific to somatic embryos, but absent in zygotic embryos. Further, additional numbers of protein bands such as 16, 22, 36, 40, 55, 68, 70 kDs expressed both in non-embryogenic and embryogenic callus, respectively; when compared to zygotic embryos. Genetic transformation was carried out using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404 containing super binary vector pTOK 2 33. Amongst the explants evaluated, acetosyringone pretreated embryogenic callus dipped in PIM II bacterial suspension was found to be suitable for co-cultivation with A. tumefaciens and genetic transformation. The highest transformation frequency (5.20 ± 1.45 hygromycin resistant calli, 4.44 ± 1.76 GUS expression) was obtained with 100 µM acetosyringone pretreated embryogenic calli. Present study presents a detailed biochemical assessment of somatic embryogenesis and positives on genetic transformation in T. chebula using embryogenic callus culture system.