Hydrolytic bacteria associated with natural helminth infection in the midgut of Red Sea marbled spinefoot rabbit fish Siganus rivulatus

Mahmoud, Ghada Abd‐Elmonsef; Osman, Yassein A. A.; Abdel-Hakeem, Sara S.

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104404

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The plant leaves were immersed in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer and 2.5% pure glutaraldehyde, stored at 4 • C for 6 h, and then soaked in 1% osmium tetroxide for 2 h. The samples were then dehydrated in a series of ethanol solutions with increasing concentration from 50% to 100%, dried using a Polaron device with Freon 13, and coated with gold by ion sputtering (JEOL-1100 E, Japan). The samples were examined and photographed under a scanning electron microscope (JSM 5400 LV; JEOL, Japan) [49].…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling Alternaria cerealis MT808477 Tomato Phytopathogen by Trichoderma harzianum and Tracking the Plant Physiological Changes

Mahmoud

Abdel‐Sater

al-amery

et al. 2021

Plants

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Plant responses during the pathogen infection and the pathogen control reflect its strategies to protect its cells. This work represents the Alternaria cerealis MT808477 as a phytopathogen causing leaf spot disease in tomatoes. A. cerealis was identified morphologically and genetically by 18SrRNA, and its pathogenicity was confirmed by light and scanning electron microscopy. Trichoderma harzianum has the ability to control A. cerealis MT808477 by stimulating various cell responses during the controlling process. The cell behavior during the biological control process was observed by analyses of total phenol, flavonoids, terpenoids, antioxidant, malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzymes (catalase and peroxidase). The extracts of infected tomato leaves were tested against plant and human pathogenic microorganisms. Results showed that the biological control process activates the defense cell strategies by increasing the plant tolerance, and activation of plant defense systems. The total phenol, flavonoids, terpenoids, antioxidant and malondialdehyde were increased after 48 h. Catalase and peroxidase were increased in infected tomato plants and decreased during the biological control process, reflecting the decrease of cell stress. Leaves extract inhibited the growth of nine plant and human pathogenic microorganisms. Biological control represents a safe and effective solution to phytopathogens that decreases plant cell stress by stimulating various defensive agents.

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Section: Scanning Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling Alternaria cerealis MT808477 Tomato Phytopathogen by Trichoderma harzianum and Tracking the Plant Physiological Changes

Mahmoud

Abdel‐Sater

al-amery

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…Yet our knowledge about the impact of parasitic infections on the microbiome largely stems from single infections, aiming to link cause and effect. Little attention has been paid to the impact of co-infections even though they are the norm in nature [ 24 , 25 ]: for instance, 46% of all bank voles ( Myodes glarolus ) infected with the tick-borne bacterium “ Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis” were co-infected with the zoonotic Lyme disease agent Borrelia afyelii [ 31 ]; and 79% of field voles ( Microtus agrestis ) were co-infected with a protozoan, virus and/or bacteria [ 32 ]; 72% of helminth-infected marbled spinefoot rabbit fish Siganus rivulatus were also infected with at least one additional helminth species [ 33 ]; viral co-infections in virus-positive bats range from approximately 1% [ 34 ] to up to 40% [ 35 ]. In humans, co-infections are conservatively estimated at 30%, even though some estimates extend as high as 80% for some communities [ 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A framework for testing the impact of co-infections on host gut microbiomes

et al. 2022

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Parasitic infections disturb gut microbial communities beyond their natural range of variation, possibly leading to dysbiosis. Yet it remains underappreciated that most infections are accompanied by one or more co-infections and their collective impact is largely unexplored. Here we developed a framework illustrating changes to the host gut microbiome following single infections, and build on it by describing the neutral, synergistic or antagonistic impacts on microbial α- and ß-diversity expected from co-infections. We tested the framework on microbiome data from a non-human primate population co-infected with helminths and Adenovirus, and matched patterns reported in published studies to the introduced framework. In this case study, α-diversity of co-infected Malagasy mouse lemurs (Microcebus griseorufus) did not differ in comparison with that of singly infected or uninfected individuals, even though community composition captured with ß-diversity metrices changed significantly. Explicitly, we record stochastic changes in dispersion, a sign of dysbiosis, following the Anna-Karenina principle rather than deterministic shifts in the microbial gut community. From the literature review and our case study, neutral and synergistic impacts emerged as common outcomes from co-infections, wherein both shifts and dispersion of microbial communities following co-infections were often more severe than after a single infection alone, but microbial α-diversity was not universally altered. Important functions of the microbiome may also suffer from such heavily altered, though no less species-rich microbial community. Lastly, we pose the hypothesis that the reshuffling of host-associated microbial communities due to the impact of various, often coinciding parasitic infections may become a source of novel or zoonotic diseases.

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“…The tested bacterial isolates were 2 Gram +ve bacteria ( Bacillus cereus ASU 300 , and Staphylococcus aureus ASU 301) and 4 Gram -ve bacteria ( Escherichia coli ASU302 , Klebsiella pneumonia ASU 303 , Serratia marcescens ASU 304 , and Serratia plymuthica ASU 305). The isolates were cultivated, individually, in a nutrient broth medium and incubated for 24 hours at 30 °C ± 1 [ 55 , 56 ]. One ml of each bacterial suspension (1 × 10 6 CFU/ml) was spread on nutrient agar medium, then, using sterilized cork polar (0.5 cm), 3 wells were created on the medium of each Petri dish and filled with 50 μl of crystalized or standard KA dissolved in ethyl acetate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of kojic acid by Aspergillus flavus OL314748 using box-Behnken statistical design and its antibacterial and anticancer applications using molecular docking technique

Mahmoud,

Abdel Shakor,

Kamal-Eldin

et al. 2024

BMC Microbiol

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Kojic acid is a wonderful fungal secondary metabolite that has several applications in the food, medical, and agriculture sectors. Many human diseases become resistant to normal antibiotics and normal treatments. We need to search for alternative treatment sources and understand their mode of action. Aspergillus flavus ASU45 (OL314748) was isolated from the caraway rhizosphere as a non-aflatoxin producer and identified genetically using 18S rRNA gene sequencing. After applying the Box-Behnken statistical design to maximize KA production, the production raised from 39.96 to 81.59 g/l utilizing (g/l) glucose 150, yeast extract 5, KH2PO4 1, MgSO4.7H2O 2, and medium pH 3 with a coefficient (R2) of 98.45%. Extracted KA was characterized using FTIR, XRD, and a scanning electron microscope. Crystalized KA was an effective antibacterial agent against six human pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Serratia marcescens, and Serratia plymuthica). KA achieves high inhibition activity against Bacillus cereus, K. pneumonia, and S. plymuthica at 100 μg/ml concentration by 2.75, 2.85, and 2.85 compared with chloramphenicol which gives inhibition zones 1, 1.1, and 1.6, respectively. Crystalized KA had anticancer activity versus three types of cancer cell lines (Mcf-7, HepG2, and Huh7) and demonstrated high cytotoxic capabilities on HepG-2 cells that propose strong antitumor potent of KA versus hepatocellular carcinoma. The antibacterial and anticancer modes of action were illustrated using the molecular docking technique. Crystalized kojic acid from a biological source represented a promising microbial metabolite that could be utilized as an alternative antibacterial and anticancer agent effectively.

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Hydrolytic bacteria associated with natural helminth infection in the midgut of Red Sea marbled spinefoot rabbit fish Siganus rivulatus

Cited by 15 publications

References 64 publications

Controlling Alternaria cerealis MT808477 Tomato Phytopathogen by Trichoderma harzianum and Tracking the Plant Physiological Changes

Controlling Alternaria cerealis MT808477 Tomato Phytopathogen by Trichoderma harzianum and Tracking the Plant Physiological Changes

A framework for testing the impact of co-infections on host gut microbiomes

Production of kojic acid by Aspergillus flavus OL314748 using box-Behnken statistical design and its antibacterial and anticancer applications using molecular docking technique

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