Hydrolytic and photochemical aging studies of a Kevlar®-PBI blend

Arrieta, Carlos; David, Éric; Dolez, Patricia I.; Vu‐Khanh, Toan

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.05.015

Cited by 50 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Poly( p ‐phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) fiber has widely used in soft body armor and combat helmet, owing to his outstanding mechanical properties. As polyamide fiber, PPTA is prone to hydrolysis at elevated temperature1–4 and different aging environment 5–7. In order to predict the performance evolution of PPTA during its service period, it is important to understand the structure change caused by hydrothermal aging, as well as its influence on the fiber properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many effective methods to characterize the evolution of structure and properties, such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD),8–12 viscosity,2, 6, 13 FTIR,6, 13–15 laser scanning confocal microscopy,2 electron spin resonance spectroscopy,16 energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy,1 small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS),17, 18 and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 13, 19. As to PPTA fiber, viscosity, XRD, and FTIR are proved to be effective methods to study the hydrothermal aging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The evolution of structure and properties of poly(p‐phenylene terephthalamide) during the hydrothermal aging

Zhan

Huang

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The evolution of structure and properties of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) with different hydrothermal aging temperatures were systematically investigated. The cooperative change in tensile strength and reduced viscosity upon aging time indicated a direct chemical structure-property correlation. The linear relationship between tensile strength and reduced viscosity was explored. Wide angle X-ray diffraction measurements disclosed the crystal structure of aramid fibers was stable with aging time and temperature. Fiber exhibited skin and core structure in different ways. Cracks and microfilbrils were observed in the core after hydrothermal aging, while the structure was unchanged in the skin. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy also proved that the chemical structure of the skin was not affected by degradation. The results elucidated the hydrolysis of amide function happened in amorphous or bundles between microfibrils in the core rather than in skin of the fiber. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 126: 552-558, 2012

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of structure and properties of poly(p‐phenylene terephthalamide) during the hydrothermal aging

Zhan

Huang

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…In order to predict the useful lifetime of the polymer fibers, researchers have investigated performance loss as a result of rapid aging by subjecting candidate materials to degradation from mechanical, [Fig. (D)] thermal, chemical, and ultraviolet methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructural evidence of mechanical aging and performance loss in ballistic fibers

Howarter

Liu

McDonough

et al. 2017

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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It is understood that the ballistic resistance of aromatic polyamide fibers is related to the fiber's ultimate tensile strength, strain‐to‐failure, and Young's modulus. Ideal high‐performance ballistic materials maximize these properties while minimizing material density. Equally important is long‐term mechanical and chemical stability: the fibers should not exhibit performance loss over their lifetime. However, less is known quantitatively about their modes of degradation, and experimental methods to quantify the aging and degradation in these fibers are critical. Multiple variations of next generation high‐performance fibers have been investigated under chemical and mechanical accelerated aging conditions. Performance losses have been empirically correlated to chemical degradation of the polymer chain and nanostructural changes in the fiber morphology through X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Here, we introduce positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy measurements as a sensitive method to quantify the early onset of damage in the flexed fibers as quantified through changes in the nanoscale void structure in the material. Published 2017.† J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 1711–1717

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“…Skin–core, fibrillar, and crystalline structure models have also been proposed. Aramid fibers can easily be hydrolyzed at high temperatures and humidities 7–14. The core structure of the fiber consists of fibrils, bonding ties, defect zones, and interfaces between the crystals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal aging mechanisms of aramid fibers via synchrotron small‐angle X‐ray scattering and dynamic thermal mechanical analysis

Zhan

Huang³

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) were used to evaluate the aging behavior of microfibrils and nanovoids. The effects of such structures on the tensile strength were also investigated. We investigated the correlation length of the fibril interface by fitting the SAXS intensity using the Debye-Bueche method. The orientation and size of the voids were determined with Ruland's streak method. The results show that the correlation length decreased with aging time at 90 C. Voids formed after aging at high temperatures for prolonged periods. In addition, the orientation of the 10 Å voids changed with the degree of degradation. DMTA results revealed a new transition temperature for the aged fibers. A model based on the SAXS and DMTA results is proposed to illustrate the hydrothermal aging mechanism.

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Hydrolytic and photochemical aging studies of a Kevlar®-PBI blend

Cited by 50 publications

References 28 publications

The evolution of structure and properties of poly(p‐phenylene terephthalamide) during the hydrothermal aging

The evolution of structure and properties of poly(p‐phenylene terephthalamide) during the hydrothermal aging

Nanostructural evidence of mechanical aging and performance loss in ballistic fibers

Hydrothermal aging mechanisms of aramid fibers via synchrotron small‐angle X‐ray scattering and dynamic thermal mechanical analysis

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