Hydrolysis of eutectic compositions in the ZnCl2:KCl:NaCl ternary system and effect of adding ZnO

Niazi, Sepideh; Olsen, Espen; Nygård, Heidi S.

doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114069

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The third part of the corrosion test included the addition of ZnO, which is supposed to suppress hydrolysis reactions of the molten salt (e.g., analyzed in previous studies [ 16,17 ] ), thereby reducing its potential corrosivity toward the containment materials. The microstructures of all three alloys exposed to the threefold system are shown in Figure .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The addition of ZnO is likely to reduce the evolution and corrosion reactions of the formed HCl gas. Olsen [ 16 ] and later Niazi [ 17 ] proposed, respectively, that metal oxides of Ca and Zn can reduce the formation of HCl gas, thereby reducing the corrosive nature of the molten halide salts. In our study, we assume that ZnO captures evolving HCl gas according to the following reaction.

ZnO + 2 HCl ⇌ {ZnCl}_{2} + {normalH}_{2} O ↑

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to the oxide scales in the pure salt, the oxide scales of 1.4876 (Alloy 800) exposed to salt þ lignin are very thin (<2 μm), adherent, and rich in Ni and O (see the bottom of Figure 5). There appears to be slight The third part of the corrosion test included the addition of ZnO, which is supposed to suppress hydrolysis reactions of the molten salt (e.g., analyzed in previous studies [16,17] ), thereby reducing its potential corrosivity toward the containment materials. The microstructures of all three alloys exposed to the threefold system are shown in Figure 7.…”

Section: Corrosion In Znnak//cl and Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a similar fashion, the addition of solid oxides (e.g., ZnO and CaO) leads to a significant reduction of hydrolysis reactions of the respective chloride salts, ZnCl 2 and CaCl 2 . [ 16,17 ] This is attributed to the fact that the oxides are able to react with HCl formed during hydrolysis and react back to the respective chlorides according to

MO + 2 HCl \to {MCl}_{2} + {normalH}_{2} O

where M is the metal cation (e.g., Zn or Ca). By adding inhibiting metal oxides to a molten salt, the molten salt's corrosivity can be reduced, thereby prolonging the lifetime of the reactor system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the respective chloride salts, ZnCl 2 and CaCl 2 . [16,17] This is attributed to the fact that the oxides are able to react with HCl formed during hydrolysis and react back to the respective chlorides according to…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthetic Biofuels by Molten‐Salt Catalytic Conversion: Corrosion of Structural Materials in Ternary Molten Chlorides

et al. 2022

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The molten‐salt catalytic conversion of biomass into synthetic fuels is one of the promising renewable energy topics of the 21st century. Mixtures of Zn–Na–K//Cl have gained attention, acting as catalytically active heat transfer fluids in the conversion process, due to their low costs and principally low melting points which effectively lower the required operating temperature in the catalytic reactor. Herein, the corrosion behavior of three candidate steels, SS316L, SS321, and Alloy 800, in the pure molten salt, in a salt–biomass mix, and in a salt–biomass mix containing a corrosion inhibitor (zinc oxide (ZnO)) is comprehensively investigated. The herein described study demonstrates that biomass additions increase the penetration depth of the salt, and the corrosion mechanism leads to partial spalling of the oxide scale. This is attributed to the presence of oxygen and moisture from the biomass leading to the formation of reactive HCl gas. The addition of ZnO reduced the corrosivity of the molten salt–biomass mix, and all alloys obtained a protective, adherent, and thin oxide scale leading to the conclusion that ZnO indeed is an effective corrosion inhibitor for the presented salt system. These findings constitute a major advance in the implementation of molten salt‐catalytic reactors for renewable synthetic fuel production.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnO + 2 HCl ⇌ {ZnCl}_{2} + {normalH}_{2} O ↑

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Corrosion In Znnak//cl and Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

MO + 2 HCl \to {MCl}_{2} + {normalH}_{2} O

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthetic Biofuels by Molten‐Salt Catalytic Conversion: Corrosion of Structural Materials in Ternary Molten Chlorides

et al. 2022

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Excellent MCM‐49 Supported CeCuO_x Nanocatalyst with Ultrawide Operating Temperature Window and Strong Anti‐Alkali Ability for NH₃‐SCR

Han,

Bian,

Liu

et al. 2023

ChemNanoMat

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NOx is a common atmospheric pollutant, and NH3‐SCR technology efficiently purifies it. CeCuOx binary‐oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and loaded onto acid MCM‐49 molecular sieve with a large specific surface area to increase acid sites and disperse active sites of the catalyst. The optimized 35 % CeCu/MCM‐49 catalyst effectively purified over 80 % of NOx in the temperature range of 200–500 °C and demonstrated excellent resistance to alkali metals, such as K, Na, and Ca. Even after K poisoning, it still removed over 80 % of NOx in the range of 200–450 °C. Various characterization methods, including XRD, FT‐IR, TEM, and N2 isotherm adsorption‐desorption tests, confirmed the structure of the catalyst remained intact after poisoning with no substance change, nor agglomeration of nanoparticles. NH3‐TPD and H2‐TPR confirmed that the catalyst had effective acidity and redox capacity that were not affected by alkali metals. In‐situ DRIFTs showed that the catalytic reaction predominant mechanism shifted from L−H to E−R mechanism after poisoning. This study provides valuable insights into the development of high‐performance Ce‐based NH3‐SCR catalysts with alkali metal resistance.

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Effect of KCl–ZnCl2 Ball-Milling Fluxing on Microstructure and Corrosion of Iron Ingot Hot-Dip Zinc Coating

Peng

Xie

et al. 2023

Metall Mater Trans A

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Hydrolysis of eutectic compositions in the ZnCl2:KCl:NaCl ternary system and effect of adding ZnO

Cited by 25 publications

References 26 publications

Synthetic Biofuels by Molten‐Salt Catalytic Conversion: Corrosion of Structural Materials in Ternary Molten Chlorides

Synthetic Biofuels by Molten‐Salt Catalytic Conversion: Corrosion of Structural Materials in Ternary Molten Chlorides

Excellent MCM‐49 Supported CeCuO_x Nanocatalyst with Ultrawide Operating Temperature Window and Strong Anti‐Alkali Ability for NH₃‐SCR

Effect of KCl–ZnCl2 Ball-Milling Fluxing on Microstructure and Corrosion of Iron Ingot Hot-Dip Zinc Coating

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Hydrolysis of eutectic compositions in the ZnCl2:KCl:NaCl ternary system and effect of adding ZnO

Cited by 25 publications

References 26 publications

Synthetic Biofuels by Molten‐Salt Catalytic Conversion: Corrosion of Structural Materials in Ternary Molten Chlorides

Synthetic Biofuels by Molten‐Salt Catalytic Conversion: Corrosion of Structural Materials in Ternary Molten Chlorides

Excellent MCM‐49 Supported CeCuOx Nanocatalyst with Ultrawide Operating Temperature Window and Strong Anti‐Alkali Ability for NH3‐SCR

Effect of KCl–ZnCl2 Ball-Milling Fluxing on Microstructure and Corrosion of Iron Ingot Hot-Dip Zinc Coating

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Excellent MCM‐49 Supported CeCuO_x Nanocatalyst with Ultrawide Operating Temperature Window and Strong Anti‐Alkali Ability for NH₃‐SCR