Hydrolysis of cellulose in ionic liquids catalyzed by a magnetically-recoverable solid acid catalyst

Xiong, Yan; Zhang, Zehui; Wang, Xin; Liu, Bing; Lin, Jie

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2013.09.031

Cited by 125 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This suggests that there is a balance to be struck between successful dissolution of cellulose and sufficiency of material to make the process effective. As has been noted previously [68,69], the presence of moisture is necessary (see also Supplementary Materials), though a high water content displays no benefit and slows the formation of HMF (Table 2). More work is needed to probe this aspect further.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Direct Catalytic Conversion of Cellulose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Using Ionic Liquids

et al. 2016

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Abstract:Cellulose is the single largest component of lignocellulosic biomass and is an attractive feedstock for a wide variety of renewable platform chemicals and biofuels, providing an alternative to petrochemicals and petrofuels. This potential is currently limited by the existing methods of transforming this poorly soluble polymer into useful chemical building blocks, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Ionic liquids have been used successfully to separate cellulose from the other components of lignocellulosic biomass and so the use of the same medium for the challenging transformation of cellulose into HMF would be highly attractive for the development of the biorefinery concept. In this report, ionic liquids based on 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cations [C 4 C 1 im] + with Lewis basic (X = Cl − ) and Brønsted acidic (X = HSO 4 − ) anions were used to investigate the direct catalytic transformation of cellulose to HMF. Variables probed included the composition of the ionic liquid medium, the metal catalyst, and the reaction conditions (temperature, substrate concentration). Lowering the cellulose loading and optimising the temperature achieved a 58% HMF yield after only one hour at 150 • C using a 7 mol % loading of the CrCl 3 catalyst. This compares favourably with current literature procedures requiring much longer reactions times or approaches that are difficult to scale such as microwave irradiation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Direct Catalytic Conversion of Cellulose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Using Ionic Liquids

et al. 2016

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“…2a) . Also, the absorption band at 1637 cm -1 and the broad band at around 3000-3700 cm -1 were attributed to stretching vibration of the adsorbed water 40,41 . The density of the SO 3 H groups was measured using KOH (0.01 mol L -1 ) as titrant by acid-base potentiometric titration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In recent years, the use of heterogeneous nanocatalysts have been receiving growing attention, because they have high catalytic activities due to their large specific surface area 37,38 . Recently, nano-Fe 3 O 4 encapsulated-silica particles bearing sulfonic acid groups (Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -OSO 3 H) have been prepared and used as an efficient acid catalyst in some organic reactions [39][40][41][42] . They can be readily separated from the reaction mixture by a permanent magnet and reused several times.…”

Section: Oriental Journal Of Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent-Free Synthesis of 1,2,4,5-Tetrasubstituted Imidazoles Using Nano Fe3O4@SiO2-OSO3H as a Stable and Magnetically Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst

Yadegarian¹,

Davoodnia²,

Nakhaei³

2015

Orient. J. Chem

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Nano-Fe 3 O 4 encapsulated-silica particles bearing sulfonic acid groups (Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -OSO 3 H) has been used as an efficient and magnetically separable heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles by one-pot, four-component reaction of benzil, aromatic aldehydes, primary amines, and ammonium acetate under neat conditions. The effect of various reaction parameters, such as reaction temperature, catalyst loading and solvent effect, were studied. The desired products are obtained in relatively short reaction times with high yields. Importantly, the catalyst could be easily separated from the reaction mixture by a permanent magnet and reused for several times without the significant loss of its activity.

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“…This effect was substantial, and galactose yield increased from 28.7% to 35.1% after the reaction of 2.5 h when the catalyst loading increased from 2% (w/v) to 6% (w/v). A possible explanation for these appearances is that the increase in catalyst loading is expected to enhance the opportunity of contact between the cellulose and SO 3 H groups of the catalyst, which can be attributed to an increase in the total number of catalytically active sites that led to a faster reaction rate to promote the conversion of EC to galactose (Xiong et al, 2014). However, galactose yield decreased when catalyst loading increased beyond 6%.…”

Section: Effect Of Dowex (Tm) Dr-g8 Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of different process strategies for bioethanol production from Eucheuma cottonii: An economic study

Tan

Lee

2016

Bioresource Technology

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Hydrolysis of cellulose in ionic liquids catalyzed by a magnetically-recoverable solid acid catalyst

Cited by 125 publications

References 42 publications

Direct Catalytic Conversion of Cellulose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Using Ionic Liquids

Direct Catalytic Conversion of Cellulose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Using Ionic Liquids

Solvent-Free Synthesis of 1,2,4,5-Tetrasubstituted Imidazoles Using Nano Fe3O4@SiO2-OSO3H as a Stable and Magnetically Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst

Comparison of different process strategies for bioethanol production from Eucheuma cottonii: An economic study

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