Hydrolysis of Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch using Aspergillus niger

Abstract

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) constitutes a great source of lignocellulosic biomass, mainly comprising of 66.97 % of holocellulose (cellulose and hemicellulose) and 24.45 % of lignin. This present work aimed to hydrolyze cellulose present in OPEFB to form glucose with the aid of Aspergillus niger. A. niger is a type of filamentous fungi able to produce cellulase, a multi-enzyme complex consisting of an endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and β-glucosidase, able to converting cellulose into glucose. The glucose produced is then fermented to produce bioethanol. The present study compared hydrolytic activity of cellulose between OPEFB with pretreatment using NaOH 10 % and OPEFB without pretreatment, concerning temperature, pH, and hydrolysis time. The concentration of reducing sugar derived from cellulosic hydrolysis was determined by using a glucose assay of 3.5-dinitrosalicylic acid. The results showed that the optimum temperature for hydrolysis of cellulose OPEFB (pretreated and untreated) was at 40 °C and the optimum pH was 5.0 for OPEFB-untreated and 5.5 for OPEFB-pretreated. Hydrolysis of cellulose at 40 °C and 3 d yielded reducing sugar 13.01 mg mL−1 and 1.16 mg mL−1 for OPEFB-untreated and OPEFB-pretreated, respectively.

Potential Development and Economic Analysis of Bioethanol Fabrication Design from Oil Palm Biomass with Ionic Liquid Choline Acetate Using SuperPro Designer (SPD) Software

“…Following the secondary hydrolysis, the biomass underwent filtration using porous paper to evaluate the dissolved lignin content in the filtrate. Both the filtrate and the filter paper was subsequently employed to ascertain the quantities of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin present in the material [5,6,10,11].…”

Development and Economic Analysis of Bioethanol Production from Palm (Arenga Pinatta) Biomass with Ionic Liquid Pretreatment Using SuperPro Designer Software

“…This process is the first hydrolysis process which will then be diluted and reheated for the second hydrolysis process. After going through hydrolysis, the two biomass are filtered using perforated paper to analyze the dissolved lignin content from the filter results and the filtrate and filter paper used functions to calculate the levels of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin present in the material [3,8,9,12].…”

“…In enzymatic saccharification, the reaction of breaking down cellulose and hemicellulose polymers into C6 and C5 sugars occurs. The chemical reaction equations in the saccharification process are shown in equations 1 and 2 [12].…”

Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose banana stem (alkaline microwave-assisted pre-treatment)

“…Cellulose enzymes from Aspergillus niger are suitable for enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass lignocellulosic due to their high activity and stability [15] [16]. Aspergillus niger is known to produce cellulases, including endoglucanases, exoglucanases, and β-glucosidases, which are essential for the breakdown of cellulose into glucose [17]. Enzymatic hydrolysis, particularly using Aspergillus niger, is chosen for its environmental friendliness and efficiency [18] [19].…”