Hydrolysed whey protein reduces muscle damage markers in Brazilian elite soccer players compared with whey protein and maltodextrin. A twelve-week in-championship intervention

Importance of Cheese Whey Processing: Supplements for Sports Activities – a Review

“…The reductions in muscle damage and acceleration of recovery from muscle injury caused by strenuous physical exercise may be related to the use of WPH supplementation [Brown et al, 2018]. These fi ndings are in line with the study by Lollo et al [2014], in which supplementation with WPC immediately before and after daily training sessions or soccer league matches showed a trend toward increased CK and LDH levels, and with the study by Hamarsland et al [2017], in which CK levels increased upon intake of two 20-g doses of WPC-80, native WP or milk protein (20% whey and 80% casein), both immediately and two hours after strength training. Furthermore, other authors found no improvement in muscle damage markers (CK and TNF-α) or muscle pain in individuals supplemented with a 0.4 g/kg mixture of WPC with WPI 30 min before and after exercise, both with the short-term diet with high protein content (2.9 g protein/kg/day) and with diet with moderate protein content (1.8 g protein/kg/day), after repeated days of intensive training .…”

“…Athletes who supplement with WPH before and after each running session in a combined daily intake of 1.8 g protein/kg weight per day showed improved functional strength and physical performance [Hansen et al, 2015]. Conversely, supplementation with WPH or WPC immediately before and after the daily workout in a combined daily intake of 1.3 g protein/kg weight per day failed to improve physical performance, and only WPC consumption increased muscle mass in soccer players [Lollo et al, 2014]. However, responses such as improved resistance and physical performance seem to indicate that a higher intake of proteins (1.8 vs 1.3 g protein/kg weight per day) from a diet that includes several types of protein sources maximizes the benefi cial effects on the skeletal muscle when combined to WPH supplementation.…”

“…The repair of damaged muscle tissue can be shown by assessing the activity levels of LDH [Brancaccio et al, 2008] and CK because they are indicators of muscle injury [Soares et al, 2012]. Signifi cant decreases in CK and LDH were observed by Lollo et al [2014] when WPH was provided to soccer players before and after aerobic training. The study by Brown et al [2018] found that in physically active women, WPH supplementation immediately and 2 h after muscle damage induced by repeated sprint exercises also promoted greater reductions in CK.…”

The Yo-Yo Intermittent Tests: A Systematic Review and Structured Compendium of Test Results

“…Computation of YYIR2 test global means, SDs and quantiles (Figure 3) involved 116 studies/subgroups reporting on 2,478 participants (median age = 23.2 years, IQR = 20.7–26.0 years) (Young et al, 2005; De Souza et al, 2006; Krustrup et al, 2006; Thomas et al, 2006; Mohr et al, 2007, 2016; Iaia et al, 2008, 2015, 2017; Morton et al, 2009; Rampinini et al, 2010; Rebelo et al, 2010; Thomassen et al, 2010; Christensen et al, 2011; Chuman et al, 2011; Mooney et al, 2011, 2013a,b; Roberts et al, 2011; Ueda et al, 2011; Gunnarsson et al, 2012; Ingebrigtsen et al, 2012, 2013, 2014; Nakamura et al, 2012; Saunders et al, 2012; Wells et al, 2012, 2014; Bassini et al, 2013; Buchheit et al, 2013; McGawley and Andersson, 2013; Mohr and Krustrup, 2013, 2014, 2016; Owen et al, 2013; Pivovarniček et al, 2013; Yuki et al, 2013; Fanchini et al, 2014; Karavelioglu et al, 2014; Lollo et al, 2014; Miloski et al, 2014; Nunes et al, 2014; Sampaio et al, 2014; Skovgaard et al, 2014; Brocherie et al, 2015a,b; Cholewa et al, 2015; Coelho et al, 2015; Gatterer et al, 2015; Hogarth et al, 2015a,b; Jamurtas et al, 2015; Krustrup and Mohr, 2015; Leme et al, 2015; Mara et al, 2015; Matta et al, 2015; McLean et al, 2015; Michalsik et al, 2015; Mohr, 2015; Rogan, 2015; Stein et al, 2015; Boer and Van Aswegen, 2016; Bouaziz et al, 2016; Chan et al, 2016; Inness et al, 2016; Joo, 2016; Kilit and Arslan, 2016; Lockie et al, 2016a,b,...…”

Functional food relevance of whey protein: A review of recent findings and scopes ahead

“…From a rat model study, it was learned that whey protein diet confers faster recovery from muscle injury compared to casein diet (Martin et al, 2013). A 12 week dietary intervention with hydrolysed whey protein resulted in a significant reduction in the muscle damage markers (creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase) in players (Lollo et al, 2014). Creatine kinase level dropped from 344.75 to 198.38 U/l, while lactate dehydrogenase dropped from 166.38 to 116.13 U/l (Lollo et al, 2014).…”