Hydrolysable chestnut tannins for reduction of postweaning diarrhea: Efficacy on an experimental ETEC F4 model

Girard, Marion; Thanner, Sophie; Pradervand, Nicolas; Hu, Dian-Ming; Ollagnier, C; Bee, Giuseppe

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0197878

Cited by 40 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In fact, the EM pigs fed HTs showed a fecal microbiota with a lower abundance and alpha diversity indexes compared to the EM pigs fed without HTs. These results are in accordance with other authors who have described the effects of plant bioactive compounds on the gut bacteria growth and diversity [34][35][36]. A lower number of gut bacteria could affect the nutritional status and ultimately the weight gain of the growing pig given the reduced fermentation of undigested nutrients and consequently the lower production of SCFAs.…”

Section: Dietary Effects On the Faecal Microbial Compositionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of Supplementing Hydrolysable Tannins to a Grower–Finisher Diet Containing Divergent PUFA Levels on Growth Performance, Boar Taint Levels in Back Fat and Intestinal Microbiota of Entire Males

Tretola

Maghin

Silacci

et al. 2019

Animals

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A retrospective data analysis suggested that the levels of boar taint compounds depend on the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) level of the adipose tissue (AT) being significantly greater in the unsaturated AT. In addition, we recently reported that hydrolysable tannins (HTs) offered to entire males (EMs) reduce skatole and, to a greater extent, indole levels in the AT. Thus, the objective of the study was to determine the impact of HTs and a high dietary level of PUFA on growth performance and board taint compounds in EMs. In addition, the interaction between PUFA and HTs on gut microbiota and its link to intestinal skatole and indole production was investigated. At 25 kg BW, 44 EM originating from 11 litters were randomly assigned within litter to four dietary treatments. Two basal grower (25–60 kg BW) and finisher (60–105 kg BW) diets containing either 2% soy oil (H = high PUFA level) or 2% tallow (L = low PUFA level) were formulated. The H and L diets were either supplemented (H+/L+) or not (H−/L−) with 3% chestnut extract containing 50% HTs. The pigs had ad libitum access to the diets and were slaughtered at 170 days of age. The microbiota composition was investigated through the 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained by next-generation sequencing (Illumia MiSeq platform, San Diego, CA, USA) and analyzed with a specific packages in R, version 3.5.0. Regardless of the PUFA content, the EMs fed the H+ diets were 2% (p < 0.01) less feed efficient overall. This was due to the slower (p = 0.01) growth in the finisher period despite similar feed intake. Carcass characteristics were not affected by the diets. Regardless of HT feeding, the PUFA level in the AT of the H pigs was 10% greater (p = 0.05) than in the L pigs. The indole level tended (p = 0.08) to be 50% lower in the H+ group. Surprisingly, the pigs that were fed diet H− had greater skatole levels than those fed diet L−, with intermediate skatole levels in the H+ and L+. Independent of the PUFA level, the HTs decreased bacteria abundance and qualitatively affected the microbiota composition. In conclusion, these data do not confirm that boar taint compound levels were related to PUFA levels in the AT. However, HTs can be considered to be a promising alternative to conventional antibacterial additives, with no detrimental effects on pig gut health and with appealing properties for reducing the synthesis of the main components of boar taint.

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Section: Dietary Effects On the Faecal Microbial Compositionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of Supplementing Hydrolysable Tannins to a Grower–Finisher Diet Containing Divergent PUFA Levels on Growth Performance, Boar Taint Levels in Back Fat and Intestinal Microbiota of Entire Males

Tretola

Maghin

Silacci

et al. 2019

Animals

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“…First, piglets developed less diarrhea with CE supplementation, which is reflected in their decreased fecal scores, percentage of piglets with diarrhea and days in diarrhea during the two weeks post-infection in comparison to piglets fed the CE-diet. The results of the present study were more promising than those of a previous study that supplemented the same hydrolysable tannins CE at a dose of 1% [15]. The development of coliform diarrhea depends on the ability of ETEC to adhere to and colonize the intestinal epithelium.…”

Section: Effects Of Chestnut Extract Supplementationmentioning

confidence: 45%

“…The present experiment aimed to elucidate whether the addition of 2% CE with or without SA reduced the severity of diarrhea in piglets artificially infected with ETEC F4ac. A previous experiment successfully established the induction of diarrhea using the same ETEC F4ac infection model [15]. In the present study, a secondary goal was to compare the extent of ETEC shedding as determined using either culturing or qPCR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Chestnut extract but not sodium salicylate decreases the severity of diarrhea and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 shedding in artificially infected piglets

Girard

Pradervand

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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The development of alternatives to antibiotics is crucial to limiting the incidence of antimicrobial resistance, especially in prophylactic and metaphylactic use to control post-weaning diarrhea (PWD). Feed additives, including bioactive compounds, could be a promising alternative. This study aimed to test two bioactive compounds, sodium salicylate (SA) and a chestnut extract (CE) containing hydrolysable tannins, on the occurrence of PWD. At weaning, 72 piglets were assigned to four treatments that combined two factors: CE supplementation (with 2% of CE (CE+) or without (CE-)) and SA supplementation (with 35 mg/kg BW of SA (SA+) or without (SA-)). Then, 4 days after weaning, all piglets were infected with a suspension at 10 8 CFU/ml of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC F4ac). Each piglet had free access to an electrolyte solution containing, or not, SA. This SA supplementation was administered for 5 days (i.e., from the day of infection (day 0) to 4 days post-infection (day 4). During the 2 weeks post-infection, supplementation with SA had no effect (P > 0.05) on growth performances nor on fecal scores. A significant SA × time interaction (P < 0.01) for fecal scores and the percentage of diarrhea indicated that piglets with SA did not recover faster and did have a second episode of diarrhea. In contrast to SA treatment, inclusion of CE increased (P < 0.05) growth performances and feed intake. In the first week postinfection, CE decreased (P < 0.001) the overall fecal scores, the percentage of piglets with diarrhea, the days in diarrhea, and ETEC shedding in the feces. There was a SA×CE interaction (P < 0.05) for ETEC shedding, suggesting a negative effect of combining SA with CE. This study highlighted that, in contrast to SA, CE could represent a promising alternative to antibiotics immediately after weaning for improving growth performance and reducing PWD.

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“…A previous study on uropathogenic E. coli reported that cranberry tannins were able to decrease in vitro the adhesion forces between the bacteria and a probe surface and to alter the conformation of the surface macromolecules on E. coli [31]. Nevertheless, besides a positive effect of tannins on reducing diarrhea, previous experiments have failed to show a positive effect of tannins on ETEC shedding [15, 28]. The lack of effects of tannins observed in previous studies is probably related to differences in the bioactivity of tannins according to the dose (1% CE, as previously administered, was not sufficiently high compared to 2% in the present study), as well as to the chemical structure of tannins [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the main purpose of the present study was to examine the consequences of supplementation with chestnut extract (CE) containing hydrolysable tannins, either combined or not with sodium salicylate (SA), on growth performance, severity of diarrhea, and bacterial load using a previously established ETEC F4 infection model [15]. An additional goal was to compare two quantitative methods, culturing and quantitative PCR (qPCR), for measuring ETEC shed in the feces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chestnut extract but not sodium salicylate decrease the severity of diarrhea and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 shedding in artificially infected piglets

Girard

Pradervand

et al. 2019

Preprint

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19The development of alternatives to antibiotics is crucial to limiting the incidence of antimicrobial 20 resistance, especially in prophylactic and metaphylactic use to control post-weaning diarrhea 21 (PWD). Feed additives, including bioactive compounds, could be a promising alternative. This 22 study aimed to test two bioactive compounds, sodium salicylate (SA) and a chestnut extract 23 (CE) containing hydrolysable tannins, on the occurrence of PWD. At weaning, 72 piglets were 24 assigned to four treatments that combined two factors: CE supplementation (with 2% of CE 25 (CE+) or without (CE-)) and SA supplementation (with 35 mg/kg BW of SA (SA+) or without 26 (SA-)). Then, 4 days after weaning, all piglets were infected with a suspension at 10 8 CFU/ml 27 of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC F4ac). Each piglet had free access to an electrolyte 28 solution containing, or not, SA. This SA supplementation was administered for 5 days (i.e., 29 from the day of infection (day 0) to 4 days post-infection (day 4). During the 2 weeks post-30 infection, supplementation with SA had no effect (P > 0.05) on growth performances nor on 31 fecal scores. A significant SA × time interaction (P < 0.01) for fecal scores and the percentage 32 of diarrhea indicated that piglets with SA did not recover faster and did have a second episode 33 of diarrhea. In contrast to SA treatment, inclusion of CE increased (P < 0.05) growth 34 performances and feed intake. In the first week post-infection, CE decreased (P < 0.001) the 35 overall fecal scores, the percentage of piglets with diarrhea, the days in diarrhea, and ETEC 36 shedding in the feces. There was a SA×CE interaction (P < 0.05) for ETEC shedding, 37 suggesting a negative effect of combining SA with CE. This study highlighted that, in contrast 38 to SA, CE could represent a promising alternative to antibiotics immediately after weaning for 39 improving growth performance and reducing PWD. 41 Post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) is a major enteric disease in pig production that occurs mainly 42 during the first two weeks after weaning. This problem causes substantial economic losses 43 due to high rates of mortality and morbidity, depression of feed intake and growth, and 44 increased costs of medication [1]. 45 Apart from the multifactorial etiology owing to several stressors, including nutritional, social, 46 and environmental changes, PWD is often related to infection with specific pathogens. 47 Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a prevalent pathogen involved in PWD [2]. For 48 instance, in Switzerland, 42.5% of weaned pigs with diarrhea were identified as having ETEC 49 [3]. Those bacteria possess fimbriae that adhere to receptors located on the apical side of the 50 enterocytes and secrete enterotoxins, including heat labile toxin (LT) and heat stable toxin 51 (STb), which results in fluid secretion into the intestinal lumen, leading to dehydration and 52 acidosis, which ultimately results in diarrhea [4, 5]. 53 Antibiotics are usually used to treat this type of infection....

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Hydrolysable chestnut tannins for reduction of postweaning diarrhea: Efficacy on an experimental ETEC F4 model

Cited by 40 publications

References 38 publications

Effect of Supplementing Hydrolysable Tannins to a Grower–Finisher Diet Containing Divergent PUFA Levels on Growth Performance, Boar Taint Levels in Back Fat and Intestinal Microbiota of Entire Males

Effect of Supplementing Hydrolysable Tannins to a Grower–Finisher Diet Containing Divergent PUFA Levels on Growth Performance, Boar Taint Levels in Back Fat and Intestinal Microbiota of Entire Males

Chestnut extract but not sodium salicylate decreases the severity of diarrhea and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 shedding in artificially infected piglets

Chestnut extract but not sodium salicylate decrease the severity of diarrhea and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4 shedding in artificially infected piglets

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