Hydrology and Hydraulic Infrastructure Systems in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Tri, Vo Khac

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-3962-8_3

Cited by 34 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…In the delta, the flood season occurs later than the local rainy season, since the water flux mainly comes from the upper and central Mekong basin and is partially regulated by the dynamics of the Tonle Sap in Cambodia. Discharges at the Can Tho and My Thuan stations are almost the same, and vary between 25,000 m 3¨s´1 in September-October and a minimum in April (typically 2000 m 3¨s´1 ) [38]. The total suspended sediment discharge entering the delta is about 145ˆ10 6 t yr´1, and the average sediment concentration in the river is about 60 mg¨L´1; maximum values can reach 500 mg¨L´1 in the wet season [39].…”

Section: Hydrological Regimes and Sediment Transportmentioning

confidence: 87%

Numerical Simulations of Suspended Sediment Dynamics Due to Seasonal Forcing in the Mekong Coastal Area

Vinh¹,

Ouillon

Thao³

et al. 2016

Water

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Abstract:The Mekong River is ranked as the 8th in terms of water discharge and as the 10th in terms of sediment load in the world. During the last 4500 years, its delta prograded more than 250 km to the south due to a tremendous amount of sediments deposited, and turned from a "tide-dominated" delta into a "wave-and-tide dominated" delta. This study aims at completing our knowledge on the fate of sediments that may be stored in estuarine or coastal systems, or dispersed over the continental shelf and slope. Sediment transport in the Mekong River Delta (MRD) coastal area was studied by numerical simulations using the Delft3D model. The model configuration was calibrated and validated from data collected in situ during 4 periods from 2012 to 2014. Then, 50 scenarios corresponding to different wave conditions (derived from the wave climate) and river discharge values typical of low flow and flood seasons enabled us to quantify the dispersal patterns of fluvial sediments close to the mouths and along the coast. Sediments mostly settled in the estuary and close to the mouths under calm conditions, and suspended sediment with higher concentrations extend further offshore with higher waves. Waves from the Southeast enhanced the concentration all along the MRD coastal zone. Waves from the South and Southwest induced coastal erosion, higher suspended sediment concentrations in front of the southern delta, and a net transport towards the Northeast of the delta. Because of episodes of Southern and Southwestern waves during the low flow season, the net alongshore suspended sediment transport is oriented Northeastward and decreases from the Southwestern part of the coastal zone (~960ˆ10 3 t yr´1) to the Northeastern part (~650ˆ10 3 t yr´1).

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Section: Hydrological Regimes and Sediment Transportmentioning

confidence: 87%

Numerical Simulations of Suspended Sediment Dynamics Due to Seasonal Forcing in the Mekong Coastal Area

Vinh¹,

Ouillon

Thao³

et al. 2016

Water

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“…Located in a tropical monsoon region, the climate of the VMD has a distinct seasonality with two seasons: the rainy season (May to November) resulting from the flow of moisture from the Indian Ocean and western North-Pacific Ocean accounting for approximately 80-90 % of the annual rainfall (Tri, 2012) and the dry season (December to April) controlled by high-pressure systems over the Asian continent (Wang et al, 2001). Precipitation from the Indian monsoon is forced by the convective heat sources over the Bay of Bengal (Wang et al, 2001) and arrives earlier than precipitation from the western North-Pacific monsoon (Delgado et al, 2012), forced by a convective heat source over the South China Sea-Philippine Sea.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

What controls the stable isotope composition of precipitation in the Mekong Delta? A model-based statistical approach

Duy

Heidbüchel

Meyer

et al. 2018

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. This study analyzes the influence of local and regional climatic factors on the stable isotopic composition of rainfall in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) as part of the Asian monsoon region. It is based on 1.5 years of weekly rainfall samples. In the first step, the isotopic composition of the samples is analyzed by local meteoric water lines (LMWLs) and single-factor linear correlations. Additionally, the contribution of several regional and local factors is quantified by multiple linear regression (MLR) of all possible factor combinations and by relative importance analysis. This approach is novel for the interpretation of isotopic records and enables an objective quantification of the explained variance in isotopic records for individual factors. In this study, the local factors are extracted from local climate records, while the regional factors are derived from atmospheric backward trajectories of water particles. The regional factors, i.e., precipitation, temperature, relative humidity and the length of backward trajectories, are combined with equivalent local climatic parameters to explain the response variables δ 18 O, δ 2 H, and d-excess of precipitation at the station of measurement.The results indicate that (i) MLR can better explain the isotopic variation in precipitation (R 2 = 0.8) compared to single-factor linear regression (R 2 = 0.3); (ii) the isotopic variation in precipitation is controlled dominantly by regional moisture regimes (∼ 70 %) compared to local climatic conditions (∼ 30 %); (iii) the most important climatic parameter during the rainy season is the precipitation amount along the trajectories of air mass movement; (iv) the influence of local precipitation amount and temperature is not significant during the rainy season, unlike the regional precipitation amount effect; (v) secondary fractionation processes (e.g., sub-cloud evaporation) can be identified through the d-excess and take place mainly in the dry season, either locally for δ 18 O and δ 2 H, or along the air mass trajectories for d-excess. The analysis shows that regional and local factors vary in importance over the seasons and that the source regions and transport pathways, and particularly the climatic conditions along the pathways, have a large influence on the isotopic composition of rainfall. Although the general results have been reported qualitatively in previous studies (proving the validity of the approach), the proposed method provides quantitative estimates of the controlling factors, both for the whole data set and for distinct seasons. Therefore, it is argued that the approach constitutes an advancement in the statistical analysis of isotopic records in rainfall that can supplement or precede more complex studies utilizing atmospheric models. Due to its relative simplicity, the method can be easily transferred to other regions, or extended with other factors.The results illustrate that the interpretation of the isotopic composition of precipitation as a recorder of local climatic conditions, as for...

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“…The delta is to a large extent located within Vietnamese territory. Just below Phnom Penh in Cambodia, the Mekong splits into two (Hung et al, 2012;Renaud & Kuenzer, 2012;Tri, 2012). The Mekong's Sino-Vietnamese name, Cuu Long, popularly translates as "nine dragons," referring to the Mekong's nine historical branches conveying water towards the sea 44 (Renaud & Kuenzer, 2012).…”

Section: The Mekong's Watery Development Trajectory: Mastering the Drmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…45 Whether seasonal flooding will be moderate or extensive is difficult to predict since the delta's hydrology is highly complex: water volumes build up slowly to "overflow level," upstream water storage or release with hydropower dams and in Tonle Sap lake, and the influence of the twice-daily tides reaching far inland all play a role in this (Hung et al, 2012;Tri, 2012).…”

Section: Ca Mau Peninsulamentioning

confidence: 99%

Bringing in the floods : a comparative study on controlled flooding in the Dutch, Bangladesh and Vietnamese deltas

Staveren¹

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Hydrology and Hydraulic Infrastructure Systems in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Numerical Simulations of Suspended Sediment Dynamics Due to Seasonal Forcing in the Mekong Coastal Area

Numerical Simulations of Suspended Sediment Dynamics Due to Seasonal Forcing in the Mekong Coastal Area

What controls the stable isotope composition of precipitation in the Mekong Delta? A model-based statistical approach

Bringing in the floods : a comparative study on controlled flooding in the Dutch, Bangladesh and Vietnamese deltas

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