Hydrological and Geochemical Changes Related to Earthquakes - Examples: Three Great Earthquakes of the XX Century in the Southern Apennines (Italy)

Pece, R.; Tranfaglia, G.

doi:10.5772/28594

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Numerous studies have presented evidence for hydrological anomalies associated with large earthquakes in other tectonically active regions before, during, and after seismic events due to anomalous behaviors of aquifers, which is caused by seismic stresses (Esposito et al, 2001; Kissin and Grinevsky, 1990; Muir-Wood and King, 1993). These changes, which can last for months or years, include increase/decrease in the flow rate of springs, creation of new springs, groundwater level variations from 0.5 cm to 16 m, and electrical conductivity increase in the water discharging from the karst aquifers (Charmoille et al, 2005; Itaba and Koizumi, 2007; Kissin and Grinevsky, 1990; Manga and Wang, 2007; Pece and Tranfaglia, 2012).…”

Section: Discussion and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution environmental reconstruction in SW Peloponnese, Greece, covering the lastc. 6000 years: Evidence from Agios Floros fen, Messenian plain

et al. 2015

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A paleolimnological record from the central Messenian plain (southwestern Peloponnese, southern Greece) indicates rapid changes in the water level and chemistry of a transient lake on the flanks of the Taygetos Mountains during the last c. 6000 years. The analyses are based on diatoms as well as carbon and nitrogen isotopes from bulk sediments in a 7.5-m-long sediment core retrieved from the drained fen of Agios Floros, at the northern banks of the ancient River Pamisos. The sequence consists of fen peat in the uppermost section underlain by lacustrine sediments, which are punctuated by two layers of clay with diatomaceous silt bands. High accumulation rate is recorded in the oldest part of the section (up to 23 mm/yr), particularly during two decadal-long periods centered at c. 5700 and c. 5300 cal. BP. The diatom record reveals pronounced peaks in the planktonic taxon Cyclotella distinguenda, which correspond to the laminated sequences, reflecting the rapid development of a deep lake with an open water environment during these two time periods. Another two events with intermediate water levels are inferred at c. 5200 and c. 4600 cal. BP. These short-lived phases were probably, to a large extent, caused by local tectonic processes and the consequent hydrological anomalies of the nearby karst springs, although abrupt climatic changes with enhanced precipitation might have also played a role. At c. 4500 cal. BP, our data suggest the development of terrestrial conditions in this area, which can be attributed to the decreasing activity/dry up of springs, probably associated with more arid climate. After c. 2500 cal. BP, the diatom record infers a return to wetter conditions, probably as a response to more humid climate with marked seasonality and human activities, developing the present-day environment with cultivated and seasonally semi-flooded fields.

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Section: Discussion and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution environmental reconstruction in SW Peloponnese, Greece, covering the lastc. 6000 years: Evidence from Agios Floros fen, Messenian plain

et al. 2015

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Effects of earthquakes on the discharge of groundwater systems: The case of the 2016 seismic sequence in the Central Apennines, Italy

Matteo

Dragoni

Azzaro

et al. 2020

Journal of Hydrology

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Towards the Understanding of Hydrogeochemical Seismic Responses in Karst Aquifers: A Retrospective Meta-Analysis Focused on the Apennines (Italy)

et al. 2020

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Earthquakes are known to affect groundwater properties, yet the mechanisms causing chemical and physical aquifer changes are still unclear. The Apennines mountain belt in Italy presents a rich literature of case studies documenting hydrogeochemical response to seismicity, due to the high frequency of seismic events and the presence of different regional aquifers in the area. In this study, we synthesize published data from the last 30 years in the Apennine region in order to shed light on the main mechanisms causing earthquake induced water changes. The results suggest the geologic and hydrologic setting specific to a given spring play an important role in spring response, as well as the timing of the observed response. In contrast to setting, the main focal mechanisms of earthquake and the distance between epicenter and the analyzed springs seems to present a minor role in defining the response. The analysis of different response variables, moreover, indicates that an important driver of change is the degassing of CO2, especially in thermal springs, whereas a rapid increase in solute concentration due to permeability enhancement is observable in different cold and shallow springs. These findings also leave open the debate regarding whether earthquake precursors can be recognized beyond site-specific responses. Such responses can be understood more comprehensively through the establishment of a regional long-term monitoring system and continuous harmonization of data and sampling strategies, achievable in the Apennine region through the set-up of a monitoring network.

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Hydrological and Geochemical Changes Related to Earthquakes - Examples: Three Great Earthquakes of the XX Century in the Southern Apennines (Italy)

Cited by 3 publications

References 40 publications

High-resolution environmental reconstruction in SW Peloponnese, Greece, covering the lastc. 6000 years: Evidence from Agios Floros fen, Messenian plain

High-resolution environmental reconstruction in SW Peloponnese, Greece, covering the lastc. 6000 years: Evidence from Agios Floros fen, Messenian plain

Effects of earthquakes on the discharge of groundwater systems: The case of the 2016 seismic sequence in the Central Apennines, Italy

Towards the Understanding of Hydrogeochemical Seismic Responses in Karst Aquifers: A Retrospective Meta-Analysis Focused on the Apennines (Italy)

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