Hydrologic Modeling

Haan, C. T.; Barfield, B. J.; Hayes, John C.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-057164-5.50017-7

Cited by 27 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The quantification of the stream orders showed the presence of a high proportion of first-order streams, indicating structural weakness in the watershed, most notably in the form of fractures as pointed out by Fenta [68]. Similarly, the dendritic pattern of the stream network signifies homogeneity in soil texture [69]. The lower stream density in KLCRS generally also indicates a deep, well-developed permeable soil or geology under dense vegetation cover, which is more likely to increase the infiltration of water into the soil rather than become surface runoff [70].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Assessment of Land Use/Land Cover Change and Morphometric Parameters in the Keta Lagoon Complex Ramsar Site, Ghana

Duku

Mattah

Angnuureng

2021

Water

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The rapid urbanization, industrialization, agricultural activities, and increasing trend of some natural hazards, such as climate change, particularly in coastal areas, necessitate the continual assessment of critical but fragile ecosystems like that of the Keta Lagoon Complex Ramsar Site (KLCRS). This productive ecosystem in Ghana faces serious threats from intensive exploitation, physical modification, changes in water regime, and water pollution. The current study employed geospatial and intensity analysis to assess the pattern of land use/land cover (LULC) change for almost the past three decades and morphometric parameters of the KLCRS landscape. Landsat Satellite images for 1991, 2007, and 2020 were acquired to uncover the pattern of LULC change, while morphometric changes were assessed using global Advance Space Thermal Emission and Radiometer (ASTER) digital elevation model (DEM) data and the spatial analyst tools in GIS software. The result established that the acceleration of land transformation was intensive between 2007 and 2020, which could be linked to population growth and increased socio-economic activities. There was a net gross gain of built-up that originated largely from the conversion of marsh, dense vegetation, and cultivated land. Prior to this period, cultivated land recorded net gain (125.51 km2) between 1991 and 2007, whereas dense vegetation and marshland showed a net loss of 151.37 km2 and 2.44 km2, respectively. The gain of cultivated land largely targeted marshland in both time intervals. The construction of saltpans contributed largely to the small increase in water extent. The morphometric analysis revealed the groundwater potential of the KLCRS. The low-lying nature of the landscape makes the area susceptible to coastal flooding. The trend of the observed changes could invariably affect the ecological integrity of the landscape, hence suggesting the need for immediate preparation and implementation of marine and coastal spatial plans by relevant stakeholders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Assessment of Land Use/Land Cover Change and Morphometric Parameters in the Keta Lagoon Complex Ramsar Site, Ghana

Duku

Mattah

Angnuureng

2021

Water

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“…Slope also varies, decrease in slope causing velocity to decrease, and ultimately to sediment transport decreases [134], which further increases the rate of sediment deposition. The topography and high elevation are usually the main reason for high intensity precipitation [135].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Potential Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield: A Case Study of the Transboundary Chenab River Catchment

Ali

Arshad

et al. 2021

Water

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Near real-time estimation of soil loss from river catchments is crucial for minimizing environmental degradation of complex river basins. The Chenab river is one of the most complex river basins of the world and is facing severe soil loss due to extreme hydrometeorological conditions, unpredictable hydrologic response, and complex orography. Resultantly, huge soil erosion and sediment yield (SY) not only cause irreversible environmental degradation in the Chenab river catchment but also deteriorate the downstream water resources. In this study, potential soil erosion (PSE) is estimated from the transboundary Chenab river catchment using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), coupled with remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS). Land Use of the European Space Agency (ESA), Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) data, and world soil map of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization were incorporated into the study. The SY was estimated on monthly, quarterly, seasonal, and annual time-scales using sediment delivery ratio (SDR) estimated through the area, slope, and curve number (CN)-based approaches. The 30-year average PSE from the Chenab river catchment was estimated as 177.8, 61.5, 310.3, 39.5, 26.9, 47.1, and 99.1 tons/ha for annual, rabi, kharif, fall, winter, spring, and summer time scales, respectively. The 30-year average annual SY from the Chenab river catchment was estimated as 4.086, 6.163, and 7.502 million tons based on area, slope, and CN approaches. The time series trends analysis of SY indicated an increase of 0.0895, 0.1387, and 0.1698 million tons per year for area, slope, and CN-based approaches, respectively. It is recommended that the areas, except for slight erosion intensity, should be focused on framing strategies for control and mitigation of soil erosion in the Chenab river catchment.

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“…The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was applied using ten parameters, which included: (i) Drainage; (ii) Flow accumulation; (iii) Slope; (iv) Elevation; (v) Water holding capacity; (vi) Geology, (vii) land use, (viii) land cover, distance from the river, (ix) groundwater levels; and (x) Rainfall factor. Based on the selected ten in uential parameters, ood susceptibility mapping was achieved by giving each parameter a weight based on the signi cance of its in uence identi ed from the literature (Haan et al, 1994). However, based on the amount of model input data requirements, it is always appropriate to make use of a high-speed computer capable of handling large amounts of data to process the outputs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing an early warning system to strengthen disaster risk resilience: experiences from flood-prone areas of KwaZulu-Natal province.

Lunga,

Nkosi,

Chirima

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Globally, the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events including flash floods, rising sea levels, and storms is increasing. Poorly planned informal settlements have become more vulnerable. In most regions, infrastructure to cope and protect the vulnerable from such impacts is inadequate. This article aimed to elucidate the main issues faced by South Africa in terms of flood forecasting as well as present an innovative method to assess exposure to floods. A qualitative approach was utilized to gather data during interviews with community leaders and residents of Quarry Road informal settlement. A flood hazard index was developed in a GIS environment. Distance from rivers was calculated, and rainfall intensity and water table level were estimated from metrological measurements, groundwater logging data, and SAR data. A spatial analysis evaluated each grid-point on every parameter and according to the local conditions and each point was assigned values on a scale between 2 and 10. The findings revealed areas most prone to floods in the settlement and the need for a comprehensive post-flood damage database meant for validation purposes and calibrating future prediction models.

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Hydrologic Modeling

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

Assessment of Land Use/Land Cover Change and Morphometric Parameters in the Keta Lagoon Complex Ramsar Site, Ghana

Assessment of Land Use/Land Cover Change and Morphometric Parameters in the Keta Lagoon Complex Ramsar Site, Ghana

Estimation of Potential Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield: A Case Study of the Transboundary Chenab River Catchment

Developing an early warning system to strengthen disaster risk resilience: experiences from flood-prone areas of KwaZulu-Natal province.

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