Hydrologic Characterization of Undrained Porous Pavements

Martin, William D.; Kaye, Nigel B.

doi:10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0000873

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, evaporative losses over longer timescales are substantial, with annual values reaching 150 mm, easily 10–20% or more of an annual water budget in North America or Europe (Figure ; Göbel et al, ; Hein, Strecker, Poresky, Roseen, & Venner, ). Martin and Kaye () indicate that ~1 mm/day is a conservative ET estimate for porous pavements without underdrains. Göbel et al () estimate cold‐weather ET rates from porous pavement during December through February around 0.24 mm/day.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrologic processes that govern stormwater infrastructure behaviour

Eger

Chandler

Driscoll

2017

Hydrological Processes

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Using water budget data from published literature, we demonstrate how hydrologic processes govern the function of various stormwater infrastructure technologies. Hydrologic observations are displayed on a Water Budget Triangle, a ternary plot tool developed to visualize simplified water budgets, enabling side‐by‐side comparison of green and grey approaches to stormwater management. The tool indicates ranges of hydrologic function for green roofs, constructed wetlands, cisterns, bioretention, and other stormwater control management structures. Water budgets are plotted for several example systems to provide insight on structural and environmental design factors, and seasonal variation in hydrologic processes of stormwater management systems. Previously published water budgets and models are used to suggest appropriate operational standards for several green and grey stormwater control structures and compare between conventional and low‐impact development approaches. We compare models, characterize and quantify water budgets and expected ranges for green and grey infrastructure systems, and demonstrate how the Water Budget Triangle tool may help users to develop a data‐driven approach for understanding design and retrofit of green stormwater infrastructure.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrologic processes that govern stormwater infrastructure behaviour

Eger

Chandler

Driscoll

2017

Hydrological Processes

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“…Therefore, it can be assumed that stormwater can infiltrate into a PPS and reach the bottom almost instantaneously when the PPS is not filled. Thus, a PPS is usually modelled as a storage space underlined with permeable soils (Martin & Kaye, ; Schwartz, ; Zhang & Guo, ). For a PPS without underdrains, the storage spaces consist of the void portions of the pavement and storage layers; and the total storage capacity ( S m , expressed as depth of water over the surface area of the pavement) can be calculated as

S_{m} = S_{d} + \frac{{italicVR}_{italicpavement}}{1 + {VR}_{pavement}} {Depth}_{pavement} + \frac{{italicVR}_{italicstorage}}{1 + {VR}_{storage}} {Depth}_{storage}

, where S d is the surface depression storage of the pavement layer, expressed in mm of water over the surface area of the pavement; VR pavement and VR storage (dimensionless) are the void ratios of the pavement and storage layers, respectively; Depth pavement is the depth (in mm) of the pavement layer; and Depth storage is the depth (in mm) of the storage layer of the PPS.…”

Section: Event‐based Analytical Probabilistic Approach For Estimatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, only bottom infiltration with a constant rate is considered in the design of PPSs (e.g., in Pennsylvania, USA, PDEP, ). Therefore, in this paper, the rate of infiltration into the native soils through the bottom during a rainfall event is assumed to be constant, equalling the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the native soils (denoted as f c in mm/hr; Martin & Kaye, ; Schwartz, ). The total volume infiltrated during a rainfall event can therefore be calculated as

F = f_{c} u,

where u is the duration of the event.…”

Section: Event‐based Analytical Probabilistic Approach For Estimatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, a PPS is usually modelled as a storage space underlined with permeable soils (Martin & Kaye, 2014;Schwartz, 2010;Zhang & Guo, 2014a). For a PPS without underdrains, the storage spaces consist of the void portions of the pavement and storage layers; and the total storage capacity (S m , expressed as depth of water over the surface area of the pavement) can be calculated…”

Section: Event-based Water Balance Equation and Stormwater Capture mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(denoted as f c in mm/hr; Martin & Kaye, 2014;Schwartz, 2010). The total volume infiltrated during a rainfall event can therefore be calculated as…”

Section: Event-based Inflow and Infiltration Volumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stormwater capture and antecedent moisture characteristics of permeable pavements

Guo

Wang

2018

Hydrological Processes

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An approach based on individual rainfall events is introduced to mathematically describe the hydrologic responses and estimate the stormwater capture efficiencies of permeable pavement systems (PPSs). A stochastic model describing the instantaneous dynamic water balance of a PPS is established, from which the probability distribution of the antecedent moisture content of the PPS at the beginning of a rainfall event is analytically derived. Based on this probability distribution and the event‐based approach, an analytical equation that can be used for estimating the stormwater capture efficiencies of PPSs is also derived. The derived analytical equation is verified by comparing its results with those from continuous simulations for a wide range of PPSs with different sizes and underlying soils and operating under various climate conditions. It was found that the antecedent moisture contents of PPSs at the test locations are usually fairly close to zero, suggesting that PPSs at these locations are always almost empty at the start of a rainfall event. The derived analytical equation accounts for many key processes influencing the behaviour and operation of PPSs; it may serve as an easy‐to‐use tool that is essential for the planning and design of PPSs.

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